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Lesson
The government’s internal approval processes need to be carefully considered when designing and implementing a policy reform program. In Viet Nam, the consensus-building approach to policymaking requires significant time and coordination, particularly for policies that would entail changes to the legal framework. The process for amending laws is a significant constraint, as the lawmaking cycle usually takes 5 years. Inadequate consideration of these features of policymaking and lawmaking in Viet Nam could lead to unrealistic program schedules.

Project Number: 49331-001
Project Name: Financial Sector Development and Inclusion Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Combining finance sector development and financial inclusion under an umbrella framework enables a finance sector reform program to address both supply and demand to further develop the sector. The program as originally designed was to include two subprograms. Technical assistance, provided to help the government continue the reform measures adopted in subprogram 1, was key in supporting many of the reforms programmed under subprogram 2, even as the government elected not to proceed with a second loan. Nevertheless, government elected not to proceed with a second loan.

Project Number: 49331-001
Project Name: Financial Sector Development and Inclusion Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Within the context of promoting environmentally sustainable growth, it is worthwhile to identify and formulate projects that are environmentally positive rather than focusing on preventing negative environmental impacts. Such opportunities exist, especially in the agriculture, rural development, and environmental sector. Country programming missions could help identify these types of environmentally-positive projects.

Project Number: 45406-001
Project Name: Low Carbon Agricultural Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The use of a proven technology attractive to project participants can help ensure the attainment of development results. This project included two poorly prepared components—credit and technology transfer—one was not implemented at all and the other only achieved a portion of its targeted outputs. Having a tried and promising technology to promote is an important step toward project success.

Project Number: 45406-001
Project Name: Low Carbon Agricultural Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sound project design requires adequate technical input and open communication with key participants and/or stakeholders. Greater technical input was necessary to appraise the government’s proposed components during project preparation. Specifically, the design flaws in output 2, credit lines for biogas value chains and other climate-smart agriculture waste management investments, would have been avoided if the processing team had access to livestock, environmental, and institutional specialists with appropriate country knowledge to support the financial management specialist.

Project Number: 45406-001
Project Name: Low Carbon Agricultural Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Research activities must be undertaken early in project implementation. Where research is needed to guide the introduction of new technologies, such research is better undertaken in advance of a project so that results can be incorporated in the project design. In this project, the 5-year project time frame was too short in undertaking research, evaluating results, and effecting replication. This time frame was further exacerbated by denying the participation of government-owned research institutes in the research program.

Project Number: 45406-001
Project Name: Low Carbon Agricultural Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Procurement should be exhaustive. Developing a procurement strategy with proper analysis of market availability, operating environment, including capacity assessments of executing and implementing agencies, and risk management will help the project achieve its intended results in a timely manner. Where a project requires participation of government-owned universities or research centers, attention should be paid at project appraisal to para. 1.13 (c) of ADB’s Guidelines on the Use of Consultants (2013, as amended from time to time).

Project Number: 45406-001
Project Name: Low Carbon Agricultural Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The linkage agreed between the BOJ and the HKMA has the potential to set an example in the region and beyond.

Project Number: 50055-001
Project Name: Creating a Regional Settlement Intermediary in ASEAN+3: Cross-Border Settlement Infrastructure Forum
Report Date:
Lesson
The timing needed to reach regional agreement on sensitive matters is inherently difficult to predict. The use of optimistic targets may help motivate progress. However, the risks of delays in such projects need to be explicitly recognized.

Project Number: 50055-001
Project Name: Creating a Regional Settlement Intermediary in ASEAN+3: Cross-Border Settlement Infrastructure Forum
Report Date:
Lesson
Close collaboration with a specialized funding agency can help achieve a TA’s objective, by helping to mobilize scarce specialized technical expertise with the contacts needed to build support for change

Project Number: 50055-001
Project Name: Creating a Regional Settlement Intermediary in ASEAN+3: Cross-Border Settlement Infrastructure Forum
Report Date:
Lesson
Close collaboration with key stakeholders can help in identifying international expertise, the knowledge, and contacts to support innovative TA, and to engage with senior officials from a mix of countries

Project Number: 50055-001
Project Name: Creating a Regional Settlement Intermediary in ASEAN+3: Cross-Border Settlement Infrastructure Forum
Report Date:
Lesson
Phased approaches to implementation can help ensure that TA resources are not wasted while waiting for regional agreement on key issues needed to move forward.

Project Number: 50055-001
Project Name: Creating a Regional Settlement Intermediary in ASEAN+3: Cross-Border Settlement Infrastructure Forum
Report Date:
Lesson
Regular engagement with stakeholders, including engagement with the private sector, and the reflection of stakeholder feedback in final documents can help build consensus on key issues and ownership of knowledge products.

Project Number: 50055-001
Project Name: Creating a Regional Settlement Intermediary in ASEAN+3: Cross-Border Settlement Infrastructure Forum
Report Date:
Lesson
it is difficult to predict the timing need to reach regional agreements. Thus, flexibility during implementation to extend TA duration is important.

Project Number: 50055-001
Project Name: Creating a Regional Settlement Intermediary in ASEAN+3: Cross-Border Settlement Infrastructure Forum
Report Date:
Lesson
Initial success in implementing a TA supporting an innovative reform (e.g., cross-country financial infrastructure linkages), may encourage others to replicate reforms.

Project Number: 50055-001
Project Name: Creating a Regional Settlement Intermediary in ASEAN+3: Cross-Border Settlement Infrastructure Forum
Report Date: