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Lesson
With strong justification and available financing in place, government-proposed adjustments to output components during implementation can help ensure a project's continued alignment with evolving government strategies. This can also deliver more outputs that contribute directly to achieving the project's outcome and generate greater social and economic benefits. In this case, following the government's new policy on poverty reduction, the provincial and county governments proposed to resurface all the 1,200 km roads connecting lower-level village roads.

Project Number: 46040-003
Project Name: Yunnan Pu'er Regional Integrated Road Network Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
When implementing land acquisition and resettlement activities, affected households, particularly ethnic minorities, must be adequately engaged in a culturally appropriate way, and their needs and willingness should be appropriately factored in during resettlement site selection and new house design. Meanwhile, an income restoration program should be properly designed and timed for implementation before the displacement of affected households. Diversification of livelihood options and income sources can help them better cope with displacement.

Project Number: 46040-003
Project Name: Yunnan Pu'er Regional Integrated Road Network Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Outcome performance indicators need to be designed deliberately to establish a reasonable cause–effect relationship between outputs and outcome. It is important that the outcome performance indicators are directly influenced by and attributable to the project, reflecting the immediate and direct benefits of application of the project outputs.

Project Number: 43023-013
Project Name: Guangxi Beibu Gulf Cities Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Close monitoring of work progress and quality of consulting services and deliverables of consultants and timely implementing remedial measures and backup plans are critical to ensure the achievement of planned project outputs. Under this project, the poor performance of the two consulting firms for project implementation had adverse impacts on the ability of the program management office and implementing agencies to address project management issues in a timely manner, particularly during the extended period and loan closing.

Project Number: 43023-013
Project Name: Guangxi Beibu Gulf Cities Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Urban development projects typically involve a variety of risks in the course of its implementation and execution of activities. Formulating appropriate project design and risk assessment during preparatory phase is critical to minimize start-up and implementation delays. This includes a systematic appraisal of the project’s technical scope and engineering design, project cost and contingencies, environmental and social safeguards, and financial and contractual risks.

Project Number: 43023-013
Project Name: Guangxi Beibu Gulf Cities Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A more nuanced iteration of the project design and monitoring framework (DMF) i.e., accurately differentiating outcome and output indicators, would be beneficial to facilitate better project results assessments. As observed by this validation, impact, outcome, and output statements in the DMF were vague and similar, and did not provide sufficient guidance to focus performance targets that would have provided better evidence for achieving the goals of the impact, outcome, and output statements.

Project Number: 45507-003
Project Name: Yunnan Chuxiong Urban Environment Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sound identification and valuation of costs and benefits in the economic analysis can provide more realistic economic internal rates of return (EIRRs) to indicate a more accurate state of project viability. The economic analysis in the RRP and PCR underestimated the value of the project outputs, particularly the economic benefits of the solid waste management component, which led to a low EIRR. Willingness-to-pay $2 per month for solid waste removal seems too low and unreasonable considering the substantial health and environmental benefits that such removal likely provides.

Project Number: 45507-003
Project Name: Yunnan Chuxiong Urban Environment Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Complex projects are better designed and implemented if there is a clear government sector plan that is fully supported both at the national and provincial levels. This was demonstrated by the country's railway development plan and its financial allocations. The national government successfully reached out to a private bank for cofinancing, and the provincial governments had a strong buy-in through their smooth and timely implementation of the land acquisition and resettlement plan.

Project Number: 37487-013
Project Name: Zhengzhou–Xi'an Railway Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In projects where institutional and financial capacity is relatively strong, ADB's financial additionality can be demonstrated by instilling proper design and implementation of social and environmental safeguards in infrastructure projects.

Project Number: 37487-013
Project Name: Zhengzhou–Xi'an Railway Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is imperative that the design and monitoring framework (DMF) include a well-designed and clear performance indicator to facilitate appropriate measurement of the project’s intended outcome. A well-formulated DMF and performance indicators need to be specific, measurable, achievable, and time-based to help strengthen project monitoring and evaluation.

Project Number: 43029-013
Project Name: Inner Mongolia Road Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Timely release of counterpart funds improves construction progress, as it eases the financial burden of the civil works contractors. This helps in ensuring that the required equipment, materials, and workers are provided on time.

Project Number: 43029-013
Project Name: Inner Mongolia Road Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Planning for efficient resource use in advance adequately addresses the situation when the full output cannot be delivered

Project Number: 45506-002
Project Name: Gansu Jiuquan Integrated Urban Environment Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Timely resolution of involuntary resettlement and land acquisition issues helps avoid delays in project implementation. Oftentimes, land acquisition issues encountered by the executing agencies impede the timely implementation of procurement and civil works. Ensuring the safeguards’ requirements on land acquisition and resettlement, prior to execution of project activities, could mitigate these related project risks due, for example, to potential grievances of affected people and communities

Project Number: 45506-002
Project Name: Gansu Jiuquan Integrated Urban Environment Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Urban transport projects typically involve a variety of risks during implementation and execution of activities. Formulating appropriate project design and risk assessment during preparatory phase is critical to minimize start-up and implementation delays. This includes a systematic appraisal of the project’s technical scope and engineering design, project cost and contingencies, environmental and social safeguards, and financial and contractual risks. The institutional setup, internal review

Project Number: 43032-013
Project Name: Xi'an Urban Road Network Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Complex projects are better designed and implemented if there is a clear government sector plan that is fully supported both at the national and provincial levels. This was demonstrated by the country’s railway development plan and its financial allocations. The national government successfully reached out to private banks for cofinancing, and the provincial governments had a strong buy-in through their smooth implementation of land acquisition and resettlement plan.

Project Number: 35354-013
Project Name: Lanzhou–Chongqing
Railway Development Project
Report Date: