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Lesson
Inaccurate quantitative targets of DMF indicators can be misleading and penalize performance unfairly.

Project Number: 55035-001
Project Name: Research for Demonstration of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage Technologies in Industrial Sectors of Yunnan Province
Report Date:
Lesson
Most of the results were output based. There was limited evidence on the impact that the program was expected to have on reducing skill gaps in the labor market. A closer focus on the employability of students (through tracer studies) would help demonstrate program effectiveness.

Project Number: 48101-003
Project Name: Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
It is a good practice to provide relevant macroeconomic data to highlight the significance of environmental improvements. In the case of this project, the generation of secondary macroeconomic data, at the very least, could have strengthened the preliminary assessment of the project’s development impact. In discussing impacts of climate mitigation project and the co-benefits of air pollution reduction, it would be worthwhile to link these up with macro data.

Project Number: 47051-002
Project Name: Chemical Industry Energy Efficiency and Emission Reduction Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Outcome performance indicators need to be designed deliberately to establish a reasonable cause–effect relationship between outputs and outcome. It is important that the outcome performance indicators are directly influenced by and attributable to the project, reflecting the immediate and direct benefits of application of the project outputs.

Project Number: 43023-013
Project Name: Guangxi Beibu Gulf Cities Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
An appropriate Implementation arrangement is key to delivering a successful project. The project could have had greater impact if it had the Nanning Education Bureau as implementing agency (IA). Project deliverables could have been more institutionalized and led to the deepening of the technical and vocational education and training (TVET) reform in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The Nanning Development and Reform Commission played an overall coordination role but lacked direct supervision authority over the two TVET schools.

Project Number: 46047-002
Project Name: Guangxi Nanning Vocational Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The green campus policy could align more closely with climate change mitigation and adaptation practices with measurable and quantifiable indicators so that the amount of energy saved and emissions reduced could be reportable and verifiable. Since the green campus concept was already incorporated at an output level in the design and monitoring framework, more specifications could have been provided at the project design stage, rather than just the formulation of campus policy.

Project Number: 46047-002
Project Name: Guangxi Nanning Vocational Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A more nuanced iteration of the project design and monitoring framework (DMF) i.e., accurately differentiating outcome and output indicators, would be beneficial to facilitate better project results assessments. As observed by this validation, impact, outcome, and output statements in the DMF were vague and similar, and did not provide sufficient guidance to focus performance targets that would have provided better evidence for achieving the goals of the impact, outcome, and output statements.

Project Number: 45507-003
Project Name: Yunnan Chuxiong Urban Environment Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A well-designed RBL can make program implementation more efficient and reduce transaction costs during program implementation. This came about in this program with the disbursement-linked Indicators (DLIs) focusing on the main elements of the results chain and framework in the process highlighting the importance of teachers’ and managers’ capacity building and competency-based curriculum (CBC) development, which built a solid foundation for TVET’s sustainable development in Guizhou.

Project Number: 48101-003
Project Name: Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
This validation agrees with the recommendation and rephrases this as a lesson: Partnering with operational projects within ADB is an important step in ensuring that other DMCs outside ASEAN can develop their capital markets and improve governance standards of publicly listed companies.

Project Number: 48143-001
Project Name: Enhancing Association of Southeast Asian Nations Capital Market Integration
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Lesson
A lesson could have been suggested on the relevance of sharing the knowledge created with other ADB member countries

Project Number: 48377-001
Project Name: Financing Public-Private Partnerships
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Lesson
A related point here is that knowledge products dissemination activities with purposively identified audience are critical to knowledge transfer and capacity development. In this regard, the TCR could have looked into the underlying reason for the no preparation or submission of the policy brief, and no conduct of the final dissemination event. In so doing, potential lessons and operational learning could be identified to benefit future policy and advisory TAs.

Project Number: 48460-001
Project Name: Promoting the Decisive Role of Market in Resource Allocation
Report Date:
Lesson
Agree. The TCR could have identified the study findings that would be more realistically relevant and useful to other ADB member countries. Given the PRC’s unique institutional and policy environment, it is likely that the study findings on the reform of monopolized industries and promotion of private sector development could be of greater value to other member countries than the reform of SOEs and labor market.

Project Number: 48460-001
Project Name: Promoting the Decisive Role of Market in Resource Allocation
Report Date:
Lesson
In the TCR’s Conduct of Activities section, it mentioned: “The nowcasting study featuring Indonesia was completed and published in the ADB Economics Working Paper series in December 2015 and in Empirical Economics journal in June 2017. This tool has been used regularly by the Indonesia Resident Mission to support their growth forecasts since 2016 and has also been shared to the Fiscal Policy Agency of the Ministry of Finance and Ministry of National Development Planning of the Republic of Indonesia to enrich their suite of tools for conducting macroeconomic monitoring.

Project Number: 47146-001
Project Name: Macroeconomic Modelling for Improved Economic Assessment
Report Date:
Lesson
TCR did not include a lesson for this criterion, however, a relevant lesson can be found in the Follow_x005F_x0002_up Actions section: “To build upon the achievements of the project, a new KSTA [knowledge and support technical assistance] on Deepening Understanding of Macroeconomic Fluctuations in Developing Member Countries for Improved Economic Assessment was approved on 21 June 2018 to further deepen understanding of macroeconomic fluctuations in DMCs for improved economic assessment.

Project Number: 47146-001
Project Name: Macroeconomic Modelling for Improved Economic Assessment
Report Date:
Lesson
The validation agrees that this is an important lesson especially as this was a cross-cutting gender specific TA project, and especially as this Phase 2 was building on work already undertaken in Phase 1. The TA project thus potentially offers a rich set of lessons; the documentation of lessons of replication is important and could potentially inform approach to how gender can be mainstreamed or scaled up across ADB operations.

Project Number: 48206-001
Project Name: Promoting Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment (Phase 2)
Report Date: