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Lesson
Taking into account issues related to sustainability, it is apparent that the project outcomes can be sustained if the government allocates adequate funds and resources for operation and maintenance based on a rigorous and transparent planning regime.

Project Number: 37680-013
Project Name: Emergency Rehabilitation Project [Loan 2045-KGZ]
Report Date:
Lesson
Emergency projects such as this one tend to be difficult to administer and implement and difficult for ADB to properly guide and oversee. This is because speed is of the essence to restore normal activity, and subprojects tend to be spread over large geographical areas. As such, ADB has to depend not only on review mission diligence but also on consultants and the government agencies involved. ADB’s procedures, while fully adequate for non-emergency projects, tend to slow the implementation of emergency projects such as this one, so due diligence is sometimes truncated.

Project Number: 37680-013
Project Name: Emergency Rehabilitation Project [Loan 2045-KGZ]
Report Date:
Lesson
The key lesson relates to the core of financing function, i.e., sound cost estimates and adequate financing of an investible project. As the PCR states “ADB needs to take a more conservative approach in project design and should not include cofinancing for project scoping and costing. In the event of a cofinancier’s withdrawal from the project, the related funding should have been covered by ADB…” ADB should have been more firm about the project implementation arrangements.

Project Number: 28161-013
Project Name: Postsecondary Education Development Project [Loan 1637-MLD]
Report Date:
Lesson
During the inception mission, the KPK government requested a reallocation of loan proceeds in line with what was agreed to during loan negotiations. The requested reallocation required a major change in scope, which was proposed to take place during the midterm review mission, scheduled for the third year of project implementation. The midterm review mission does not necessarily need to come in the middle of the project period; it can be scheduled early on, for instance in the first year of project implementation, if it would help to get the project going after a slow start.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
The frequent change in administration also affected the filing of the key project documentation, resulting in some of the files remaining in headquarters and others in the resident mission.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
More confusing were the frequent changes in the ADB administration of the project. During the project's 3.5-year life span, the administration moved from the South Asia Department to the Central and West Asia Department, and from the Social Sector Division via the Governance and Finance Division to the Pakistan Resident Mission. This was detrimental to the continuity of interaction with the KPK government.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
One of the main strengths of the project was the continued presence of the same project management in the project management unit (PMU), who were selected and appointed on a competitive basis.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate review by ADB of the government project documents (PC-Is) and inconsistencies between the PC-Is and the report and recommendation of the President are perennial problems that result in slowing down the pace of project implementation.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
In provincial projects it is important to identify the sector reforms that can be authorized on the provincial level. A number of the proposed reforms under the project, such as the competency-based training and the on-the-job training, required changes in the curriculum on the federal level.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
Before a complex and innovative project is designed, particularly in a relatively less- developed region such as the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province, it is necessary to have thorough consultation with stakeholders directly involved with the technical education and vocational training (TEVT) system to develop realistic activities.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
A well thought out conceptual design is a key to the success of any project. In this case, the project design had commendable objectives, but it seems that the commitment and capacity of the executing and implementing agencies was overestimated, and there was too heavy a reliance on consultants. Due to lack of capacity and interest by the executing and implementing agencies, sector reforms did not get the traction that was aspired to.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
Sense of ownership at the higher level. Developing a strong sense of ownership at the higher level of the hierarchy is as important as developing it at the ground level.

Project Number: 37175-013
Project Name: Education Sector Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Application of training to real situations. The in-service training provided participants with new ideas and skills. Combined with the provision of new textbooks and teachers' manuals written in line wit the methodological training, this has provided teachers with concrete opportunities to practice and develop their skills further.

Project Number: 37175-013
Project Name: Education Sector Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Transparency and fairness in resource allocation. The use of objective, transparent (poverty index), and fair criteria in allocating assistance funds elicits trust and a positive response from the community.

Project Number: 37175-013
Project Name: Education Sector Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Complementary project inputs. The combination of the Education Sector Reform Project (ESRP) and the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction (JFPR) School Improvement Project was a demonstration of successful coordination of projects pursuing related objectives within the same organization.

Project Number: 37175-013
Project Name: Education Sector Reform Project
Report Date: