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Lesson
Before a complex and innovative project is designed, particularly in a relatively less- developed region such as the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province, it is necessary to have thorough consultation with stakeholders directly involved with the technical education and vocational training (TEVT) system to develop realistic activities.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
A well thought out conceptual design is a key to the success of any project. In this case, the project design had commendable objectives, but it seems that the commitment and capacity of the executing and implementing agencies was overestimated, and there was too heavy a reliance on consultants. Due to lack of capacity and interest by the executing and implementing agencies, sector reforms did not get the traction that was aspired to.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
Sense of ownership at the higher level. Developing a strong sense of ownership at the higher level of the hierarchy is as important as developing it at the ground level.

Project Number: 37175-013
Project Name: Education Sector Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Application of training to real situations. The in-service training provided participants with new ideas and skills. Combined with the provision of new textbooks and teachers' manuals written in line wit the methodological training, this has provided teachers with concrete opportunities to practice and develop their skills further.

Project Number: 37175-013
Project Name: Education Sector Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Transparency and fairness in resource allocation. The use of objective, transparent (poverty index), and fair criteria in allocating assistance funds elicits trust and a positive response from the community.

Project Number: 37175-013
Project Name: Education Sector Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Complementary project inputs. The combination of the Education Sector Reform Project (ESRP) and the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction (JFPR) School Improvement Project was a demonstration of successful coordination of projects pursuing related objectives within the same organization.

Project Number: 37175-013
Project Name: Education Sector Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Holistic approach. The project design, which simultaneously strengthens three pillars of support the line ministry (MInistry of Education or MOE), the school, and the community proved to be a good model for future education projects.

Project Number: 37175-013
Project Name: Education Sector Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Importance of a database system and information-sharing mechanism. Clarification on the institutional role of each agency regarding IEM and land degradation control provides a clear basis for defining the type and level of data to be collected by each participating agency in the joint and collaborative management of environmental and natural resources. For information sharing to be effective and useful, the institutional value of data should be recognized and access to data should be made available for all government agencies in a timely and practical manner.

Project Number: 36445-022
Project Name: Capacity Building to Combat Land Degradation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Importance of awareness building. Strong awareness among stakeholders, especially the public, on the state of the environment and natural resources is important for gaining support for government plans and strategies for land degradation control and for overall environmental and natural resource management in general. Disclosure of government plans for management, and conservation and protection provides a solid foundation for cooperation in planning and implementing IEM plans and strategies.

Project Number: 36445-022
Project Name: Capacity Building to Combat Land Degradation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Interagency cooperation and collaboration in policy and planning. Improved institutional coordination and harmonization of land degradation policies, legislation, programs, and budgets is needed. Interagency cooperation and collaboration in policy and planning of IEM strategies and plans ensure that complex problems related to land degradation control are addressed following a participatory approach and that government agencies, private sector agencies, and local communities have a clear understanding of their delineated tasks and responsibilities.

Project Number: 36445-022
Project Name: Capacity Building to Combat Land Degradation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Institutional capacity building for establishing an enabling environment. For IEM to be effective and successful, cooperating and collaborating institutions and sectors must be supported by IEM knowledge and skills for policy making, planning, legislation, and joint management of the environment and natural resources. Joint and effective management of environmental and natural resources requires improving the capacities of cooperating and collaborating with government institutions for combining top-down and bottom-up approaches.

Project Number: 36445-022
Project Name: Capacity Building to Combat Land Degradation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Integrated approach to achieving long-term success. International experience demonstrates that an integrated approach is appropriate to achieving long-term success in combating land degradation that is mostly caused by interacting socioeconomic factors (e.g., overexploitation of natural resources, poverty, and population pressure). Participatory and science-based IEM approaches are essential for successfully combating ecosystem degradation, including in dryland areas.

Project Number: 36445-022
Project Name: Capacity Building to Combat Land Degradation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Acceptance and application of integrated ecosystem management (IEM). The IEM approach is highly relevant to combating land degradation in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and is a significant departure from traditional practices and therefore, requires time to become fully accepted. Good progress to date suggests that the full 10-year period, as originally designed, will be required.

Project Number: 36445-022
Project Name: Capacity Building to Combat Land Degradation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The process of translating drafts of the Law on the Securities Market from English into Russian and back into English affected its readability in English. Achieving a reasonable and consistent standard of translation into both Russian and English remained a problem. Once the final version of the draft law has been adopted, it would be desirable if an official English translation could be produced for the benefit of ADB, foreign investors, and other interested parties.

Project Number: 34172-013
Project Name: Banking Sector and Capital Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The ownership and rationale of policy reforms should be carefully assessed at appraisal. In assessing ownership, it is important to remember that policy actions affect many stakeholders, even within the government. In this case, the legislative branch was not enthusiastic about adopting complex new laws pertaining to the regulation of capital markets that would then be interpreted by agencies outside their direct control.

Project Number: 34172-013
Project Name: Banking Sector and Capital Market Development Program
Report Date: