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Lesson
Ensure that all requirements for project implementation should be in place early on and, hence, immediate steps can be taken to avoid delays in future projects, which was the key issue during the first 2 years of project implementation.

Project Number: 35183-013
Project Name: Sustainable Aquaculture Development for Food Security and Poverty Reduction Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project’s quality-at-entry can often be assessed through the project DMF. A good project DMF should be self-explanatory and formulated as a real and understandable tool for project implementation and project monitoring by the executing agency, particularly by the PMU staff.

Project Number: 34348-013
Project Name: Preventive Health System Support Project
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Lesson
The importance of a strong and well-functioning PMU, with a full-time and qualified project coordinator, is paramount.

Project Number: 34348-013
Project Name: Preventive Health System Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 34149-013
Project Name: Second Decentralized Health Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Cost-effective, cluster-based local training using indigenous training materials was economical and better value for money. More value is derived from short study tours that allow senior teachers and administrators to see how other systems set and regulate teaching standards, and provide recognition to those teachers who meet those standards.

Project Number: 26061-013
Project Name: Teaching Quality Improvement in Secondary Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Hidden costs of low-cost bids. The difference between the budget and actual cost of supervision and training for the project indicates that the project required substantially more supervision than planned. The HPDT attributes this greater cost, at least in part, to the selection of the low-cost bidders for portions of the civil works.

Project Number: 39038-013
Project Name: Heilongjiang Road Network Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Consideration of local practices and knowledge. This project was the third ADB road project in Heilongjiang (and a fourth is currently underway). The HPDT has extensive experience in road design and construction, knowledge of ADB practices and requirements, and clear boundaries for its responsibilities. Although international practices can be usefully included in projects, they do not always work well in the local context.

Project Number: 39038-013
Project Name: Heilongjiang Road Network Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The importance of rural link roads. The project was able to deliver benefits to the project area through the inclusion of both the provincial highway upgrade and the rural link roads in the project design. The socioeconomic benefits of these roads were very important, allowing all-weather access to jobs and services (health care, transport). Local tourists use the rural roads to travel to scenic areas, a further source of economic development as well as of support for maintaining the environment.

Project Number: 39038-013
Project Name: Heilongjiang Road Network Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Regarding use of the RMF (road maintenance fund), while the funding base for the RMF is broadening and annual expenditure allocations increasing, the fund is now spending only part of its income on maintenance and the amount for routine maintenance is relatively small. The RMF is not independent from the government budget system, and in 2014 - 2015 only 89% of fuel levy revenue is budgeted to be spent. This raises potential concern as to the future sustainability of the overall road maintenance.

Project Number: 41656-012
Project Name: Northern Greater Mekong Subregion Transport Network Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Another important lesson learned from the project was that the use of a 6-year implementation period and design - construct contracts for the civil works packages was successful in addressing implementation delays that have occurred in previous road projects in the Lao PDR. The reasons for this success are (i) consultants can review contractors' designs easily and maintain the quality of design, and (ii) design - construct contracts can shorten the implementation period.

Project Number: 41656-012
Project Name: Northern Greater Mekong Subregion Transport Network Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project implementation delays in the civil works for contract R4-1 (Xieng-Ngeun - Pak Khone) were caused by a non-performing contractor, requiring the reallocation of part of the civil works to the performing contractor for contract R4-3 (Nam Pui Bridge - Paklay Bridge) to expedite and complete works in a timely manner. The lesson learned from this is that the executing agencies of future projects need to identify and replace non-performing contractors at an early stage and replace them with performing contractors.

Project Number: 41656-012
Project Name: Northern Greater Mekong Subregion Transport Network Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project demonstrated that the upgrading of national roads that connect the poorer districts of the Lao PDR is a viable means of addressing accessibility to markets and services for poor rural districts. The project provides an important link in the GMS (Greater Mekong Subregion) transport corridors connecting northern Thailand, northern Viet Nam, and the southern provinces of the PRC (People's Republic of China).

Project Number: 41656-012
Project Name: Northern Greater Mekong Subregion Transport Network Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 31435-013
Project Name: Western Transport Corridor Project
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Lesson
Need for a strong ownership of the government and stakeholders to help ensure the successful implementation of a reform program.

Project Number: 32507-013, 32507-023
Project Name: Capital Market Development Program Cluster
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Lesson
During program appraisal, enough time should be given to assess the policies involved, to engage with the political leadership in creating ownership, and to reach a consensus on the suitable reforms, including an action plan. The government’s capacity to implement the program successfully should have been thoroughly assessed, at least at the time of Subprogram 2.

Project Number: 41641-013, 41641-023
Project Name: Punjab Millennium Development Goals Program
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