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Lesson
Deliberately designing stakeholder participation and public debates on education policy reforms could have benefited implementation. The lack of broader stakeholder participation, particularly in the districts, risks losing ownership by implementing agencies.

Project Number: 34022-013
Project Name: Secondary Education Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The dependence of reforms on proposed legal provisions should be analyzed. Both the development of the national curriculum framework and the decentralization of education could not be implemented fully because the legal provisions were not in place.

Project Number: 34022-013
Project Name: Secondary Education Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Benchmarking education quality reforms with international and regional best practices, is important and could have contributed to strengthened reforms.

Project Number: 34022-013
Project Name: Secondary Education Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Design flexibility, accommodating changes for better alignment with emerging development objectives, improved implementation and contributed to reaching the desired results. Clear and precise documentation regarding when and what changed, and how the project goal, outcomes, and output were revised and embedded in new modalities, should be a critical element of this mind set.

Project Number: 34022-013
Project Name: Secondary Education Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Developing an indicator to measure quality improvements during the life of the project could have assisted in focusing the quality improvement interventions. A national assessment of student achievement using international standards is part of the school sector reform program. Grades 3, 5, and 8 will be assessed.

Project Number: 34022-013
Project Name: Secondary Education Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In the case of pool funding, efforts should be made to continue collaboration until the end, including a joint evaluation, to identify joint lessons and to maximize use of resources.

Project Number: 34022-013
Project Name: Secondary Education Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A major effort went into training compliance teams and developing compliance manuals used for spotted and reported noncompliance among the home owners. Employing a third party to monitor compliance directly at the household level may be the best way to get a comprehensive picture of the problems involved in the adaptation of seismic standards. Perhaps a greater focus on the ability of the compliance teams to provide on-the-spot solutions to home owners may also have yielded better results.

Project Number: 40563-013
Project Name: Earthquake-Displaced People Livelihood Restoration Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Reconstruction led by communities can be expedited if house design options take into account the local skills, materials, tastes, geography, and culture. Also, innovative money-saving building techniques need local acceptance to be sustainable, but this may require more time and effort devoted to training.

Project Number: 40563-013
Project Name: Earthquake-Displaced People Livelihood Restoration Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Community involvement in owner-driven rehabilitation and reconstruction programs - through training, inspection responsibilities, and village committees - provides the human resources needed for major post-disaster housing reconstruction efforts. It also creates a greater sense of ownership, helps build capacity, reduce disputes and ensures the sustained use of seismic reconstruction techniques in the long term.

Project Number: 40563-013
Project Name: Earthquake-Displaced People Livelihood Restoration Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In situ housing reconstruction prevents disputes and increases efficiency, but it does not allow for improvements in historic patterns of rural, village, or town development; nor does it make possible the consolidation of housing sites and services. There is thus a trade-off between efficiency and overall effectiveness. On the other hand, outsourced reconstruction that allows household relocation by a third party may be more effective, but much less efficient and sustainable.

Project Number: 40563-013
Project Name: Earthquake-Displaced People Livelihood Restoration Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Similarly, the release of the first three installments took less time compared with the release of the final installment. The last installment was associated with superstructure (above plinth level). Such works entail major seismic resistant components. Noncompliance during construction in this phase has resulted in delays in the release of the final installment. Future programs should build in rigorous monitoring and consultation to avoid or minimize substantial noncompliance in the final phase of reconstruction.

Project Number: 40563-013
Project Name: Earthquake-Displaced People Livelihood Restoration Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The owner-driven, in situ approach to post-disaster housing reconstruction is efficient, but only partially effective in achieving the desired outcomes. This is mainly because ensuring uniformity in construction quality and seismic standards is a major challenge when serving large populations, irrespective of the levels of awareness and training of the home owners. This challenge can be partly addressed if there is real-time impact and outcome monitoring, as well as an efficient feedback-and-response loop during the reconstruction.

Project Number: 40563-013
Project Name: Earthquake-Displaced People Livelihood Restoration Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The reconstruction grants of PRs175,000 per household offered by the government was for 400 square foot area. This was substantially lower than the prevailing rates for the desired standard of seismic-resilient construction. About 60% of the rebuilt houses were 500-999 square feet. A pre- and post-earthquake comparison (footnote 10) showed that the overall proportion of houses with less than 1,000 square feet had increased from 65% to 80%.

Project Number: 40563-013
Project Name: Earthquake-Displaced People Livelihood Restoration Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Experience from the project demonstrated that the adoption of simplified approval procedures for procurement and other project activities is effective and enabled timely implementation of the project, and catalyzes early restoration of people's livelihood in the project-affected areas.

Project Number: 41657-013
Project Name: Emergency Disaster Damage Rehabilitation (Sector) Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In Bangladesh, the Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) and Roads and Highways Department (RHD) are still the two agencies that are reasonably capable of implementing ADB-assisted emergency projects. Implementation experience suggests that emergency assistance projects generally require adequate program for capacity building in the executing agencies, with strong institutional support regarding contract administration and fostering familiarity with ADB procedures for procurement and disbursement.

Project Number: 41657-013
Project Name: Emergency Disaster Damage Rehabilitation (Sector) Project
Report Date: