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Lesson
Thorough analysis of beneficiary preference, demand, and willingness to pay has to be conducted to ensure that preconceived notions of demand are verified, validated, and confirmed on the ground from the beneficiaries themselves. Very often project proponents from central government agencies have a different concept of needs and priorities from those at the field or local level. Local involvement in project conceptualization ensures greater project success, as there would be better ownership of project components and more accurate identification of needs of intended beneficiaries.

Project Number: 31243-013
Project Name: Integrated Development of Basic Urban Services in Provincial Towns Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project implementation could have been improved with appropriate interagency coordination and support on civil works design and supervision. Following the restructuring of Public Works Department in the early phase of project implementation, a new mechanism was required to ensure proper supervision during subproject design and construction. As the midterm review for the ESP II noted, an education ministry cannot be expected to have the technical resources for this purpose.

Project Number: 30175-013
Project Name: Education Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Studies of affordability and the cost and efficiency of school operations and community appreciation of economic issues were needed. The IEM's school survey highlighted the thin spread of limited resources across the formal education system, which was also noted in the 2006 National Human Development Report for Samoa. Undertaking economic analysis of the education sector with examination of affordability issues would encourage policy development toward a more efficient use of resources such as specialist teachers and modern educational technology, including computers in schools.

Project Number: 30175-013
Project Name: Education Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Aid harmonization was difficult due to procedural issues. Lessons from the ESP PCR regarding harmonization of external inputs were applied to the ESP II under a sector-wide approach. While progress in harmonization of aid arrangements has been recognized in the recent evaluation of the implementation of aid effectiveness principles by the Government of Samoa, the funding agencies and government partners noted continuing problems, as arrangements require them to conform to ADB procurement systems, which are difficult to apply in a very small island country.

Project Number: 30175-013
Project Name: Education Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Upfront work is needed to use the sector lending modality. Project management flexibility provided to the borrower or executing agency may negatively affect project implementation and, consequently, the achievement and sustainability of project outcomes.

Project Number: 30175-013
Project Name: Education Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The requirements, key issues, terms of reference, selection criteria including qualification of consultants, implementation structure, and understanding and ownership of the TA by the implementing agencies should have been described carefully according to the requirements of technical assistance. If poor performance was observed, prompt action could have been required to minimize the loss of time and funds. The RDA also should have developed a well-maintained performance recording system.

Project Number: 31280-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Project (1986-SRI[SF])
Report Date:
Lesson
More careful monitoring and supervision should have been required to review the progress of the program, to understand its key issues, and to propose alternative approaches where necessary. The design of the Reform Program with its numerous components was complex, so efforts in monitoring and guidance should have been made during project implementation.

Project Number: 31280-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Project (1986-SRI[SF])
Report Date:
Lesson
An appropriate method for economic justification should be carefully examined at appraisal. The economic analysis should have used observed data instead of the desktop estimation, and should be assessed based on sound assumptions.

Project Number: 31280-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Project (1986-SRI[SF])
Report Date:
Lesson
Necessary data should be collected for the project roads at appraisal, and the selection methodology should have been a sound logical and scientific tool to shield it from political pressure.

Project Number: 31280-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Project (1986-SRI[SF])
Report Date:
Lesson
At appraisal, the difficulty of implementing the Reform Program could have been foreseen and special measures for monitoring and supervision should have been proposed in the RRP, and specific milestone requirements to check the progress of the Reform Program should have been set.

Project Number: 31280-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Project (1986-SRI[SF])
Report Date:
Lesson
The ownership by the government of the reform process and the leadership the government shows are absolutely critical in a postconflict scenario. This was demonstrated in the case of the leadership shown by the finance minister, which was not always matched in PMPL sectors. Given the multisectoral nature of the program and the utilization of the proceeds in various reconstruction and development projects, strong oversight mechanisms needed to be in place at the outset to ensure optimal use of and reporting on funds.

Project Number: 36231-013
Project Name: Postconflict Multisector Program
Report Date:
Lesson
More careful assessment of the capacity of the executing and implementing agencies should have been made as such programs need to be driven by the borrower and not by ADB or consultants.

Project Number: 36057-013, 36057-023
Project Name: Punjab Resource Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 34328-013, 34328-023, 34328-033
Project Name: Decentralization Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 34207-013
Project Name: Northwestern Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 34023-013
Project Name: Plantation Development Project
Report Date: