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Lesson
To improve the effectiveness and efficiency of education management, it is essential to focus on building the capacity of provincial and district education offices during project implementation.

Project Number: 31345-013
Project Name: Second Education Quality Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Teacher motivation and competency are a key factor in improving the quality of the education systems. Therefore, the provision of in- service training, as well as improved incentives for teachers should be continuously reviewed and adjusted to ensure motivation and retain teachers.

Project Number: 31345-013
Project Name: Second Education Quality Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
To increase enrollment and sustain school operation and maintenance, community ownership is key. Strong community ownership and increased awareness of children education will improve enrollment in secondary and post secondary education.

Project Number: 31345-013
Project Name: Second Education Quality Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The introduction and enforcement of local regulations on sanitation and environment protection was not supported by the project nor included as a covenant. Although the introduction was still achievable, enforcement would need support from the project.

Project Number: 28315-013
Project Name: Third Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project outcome and outputs need resource allocation. The identification and procurement of small-scale sanitation improvements was not carried out through community participation as intended, but directly by provincial project management units (PPMUs). The strong investment focus and the PPMUs� lack of knowledge about community-based approaches should have been identified as risks and mitigated by the project design through resource allocation.

Project Number: 28315-013
Project Name: Third Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
PVWU experience sharing is beneficial to effective implementation. Although guidelines were provided for the sanitation revolving fund, each PVWU had the flexibility to implement it differently. Sharing of experiences, especially at the beginning stages, could have contributed to a more streamlined and effective implementation of the community environmental sanitation improvement (CESI) program.

Project Number: 28315-013
Project Name: Third Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sanitation credit scheme requires an exit strategy. The project foresaw the establishment of a sanitation credit scheme, financed by the project through a grant from the central government. However, it did not address what should happen with the grant money and potential revenues once the project was completed. This lack of clarity has made Provincial Viet Nam Women�s Unions (PVWUs) reluctant to continue the program by revolving the first batch of repaid credits and expanding it to other communities outside the original project area.

Project Number: 28315-013
Project Name: Third Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Nonrevenue water (NRW) reduction indicators need to be versified. Expressing the NRW levels in liters lost per connection per day, demonstrates a large variation in results. The best performing systems in terms of NRW ratios--NRW reduction targets are defined as the ratio of unbilled production versus total input capacity in m3/day--are not necessarily the lowest in absolute terms. To get a fundamental idea on actual performance, NRW results should at least be reported in ratios and absolute terms.

Project Number: 28315-013
Project Name: Third Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Water supply and sanitation coverage indicators need to be simplified. Monitoring coverage ratios requires the monitoring of two independent parameters: physical outputs and population growth. Sometimes this is complicated by a change in delineating the service area of the utilities. Nominal targets are therefore easier to monitor than ratios and are equally functional for assessing achievements.

Project Number: 28315-013
Project Name: Third Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Appropriate monitoring indicators are required. A project framework or design monitoring framework should list SMART (i.e., specific, measurable, acceptable, relevant and time-bound) indicators that, as much as possible, are part of the specified agencies� established monitoring program, such as number of connections, water produced etc. Introducing new indicators should be accompanied by a strong support program because if agencies do not see the benefit of monitoring certain indicators, they will be unwilling to pay for collecting the data, such as the health indicators in this case.

Project Number: 28315-013
Project Name: Third Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Poor quality of the project framework, which lacks clearly identifiable performance indicators, preventing a robust evaluation.

Project Number: 33418-013
Project Name: Tonle Sap Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Need for improved and expeditious processing of approvals both within ADB business processes and within the government to avoid delays to approval of variation requests and other procurement matters.

Project Number: 30551-013
Project Name: Mindanao Basic Urban Services Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Loan size determination. The projected budgetary financing requirement provides the rational for determining the loan size for budget support attached to a policy reform agenda, and it rests on unfunded fiscal �adjustment� costs of reform, including both recurrent and capital expenditures.

Project Number: 43496-013
Project Name: Social Services Delivery Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Socially responsible budget. Rapid disbursements into a budget that is socially responsible and sound in macroeconomic terms provide an efficient channel for supporting sustainable and inclusive public spending, including social sector financing.

Project Number: 43496-013
Project Name: Social Services Delivery Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Experience with the implementing agencies suggests that regular and persistent communication with ADB staff in Manila, with implementing agencies, and the resident mission are critical to keeping the program on track.

Project Number: 36155-013
Project Name: Private Participation in Infrastructure Program
Report Date: