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Lesson
Need for the government's continuous capacity enhancement in project preparation. The government should have conducted its own robust due diligence prior to processing new projects, particularly in terms of engineering and safeguards. Further, international financial institutions, including ADB, should continue providing technical support, including institutional and capacity development programs, to enable the executing and implementing agencies to independently prepare projects with sound technical inputs.

Project Number: 41122-033
Project Name: Road Corridor Investment Program - Project 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Need for comprehensive due diligence in safeguards and technical aspects. The cost overrun had two major causes: (i) an insufficient safeguard assessment during appraisal, and (ii) an inaccurate cost estimate. A comprehensive safeguards impact assessment during appraisal could have avoided the later realignment. Detailed analysis of alternative alignments and their associated potential safeguards impacts, both of environmental and social, should have been conducted as well.

Project Number: 41122-033
Project Name: Road Corridor Investment Program - Project 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Need for adequate resource allocation to preparatory works for new projects. The cost overrun of the civil works component was a primary reason for the cancellation, and was caused by inadequacies in the investment program appraisal with respect to safeguards, engineering design and the cost estimate.

Project Number: 41122-033
Project Name: Road Corridor Investment Program - Project 2
Report Date:
Lesson
The 299.7 km four-lane expressway was constructed along the existing two-lane class II national highway (G314) and about 85.0 km of the existing highway was intermittently utilized as a part of the expressway. The advantages of using the existing road were the low cost of construction and less land acquisition and resettlement. However, there were disadvantages. First, using the existing road resulted in higher maintenance costs.

Project Number: 39655-013
Project Name: Xinjiang Regional Road Improvement Project (Korla - Kuqa Section)
Report Date:
Lesson
Special features. The inclusion of special features in project design should have been supported by careful formulation within the existing institutional context and allocation of sufficient funding to ensure adequate implementation and achievement of expected results.

Project Number: 39149-013
Project Name: Western Guangxi Roads Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project yielded the following insights for similar, future community-driven development projects: (i) Inclusive involvement of community members in decision making and implementation of infrastructure projects is needed to ensure ownership and transparency. (ii) Community facilitators and consultants must be well selected so that only qualified and committed personnel are deployed to support communities in the empowerment process and on technical matters.

Project Number: 38385-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Support to the PNPM Mandiri Project II
Report Date:
Lesson
To minimize the cost for rehabilitating local roads, some existing bridges were not included in the project for reconstruction or reinforcement. The improved road network together with the construction of other expressway projects in the area triggered a significant increase in traffic volume, which resulted in damage to Changyishao Bridge in Huayuan-Fenghuang. In June 2012, serious safety problems were detected that subsequently stopped vehicle traffic on the bridge.

Project Number: 37494-013
Project Name: Hunan Roads Development III Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The free connection policy has clearly shown its enormous impact on water supply coverage. A condition of connecting a premise to the water supply is that it must have a sanitation facility complying with local sanitation regulations. Residents are willing to install an approved sanitation facility so they can access the free connection to the piped system. Moreover, this policy has tremendously impacted sanitation coverage in the target communities.

Project Number: 34197-032, 34197-042
Project Name: Northern and Central Regions Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
Report Date:
Lesson
Proper legislation and project design can ensure social inclusion and easy access of women, socially disadvantaged groups, and minorities to national politics, civil service, and leadership in local infrastructure development and management.

Project Number: 40554-022, 40554-032
Project Name: Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Packaging of numerous small civil work contracts and consultants to be procured in a decentralized manner poses procurement risks and creates challenges for timely procurement and proper management of contractors and consultants.

Project Number: 40554-022, 40554-032
Project Name: Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Lack of project readiness leads to project implementation delays. Completing requisite preparatory works prior to project approval maximizes the possibility of timely project implementation by giving adequate attention to construction quality and sustainability of facilities. Proper provisioning and implementation of advance procurement and retroactive financing can also minimize implementation delays.

Project Number: 40554-022, 40554-032
Project Name: Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Funding is necessary but not in itself sufficient for improved decentralization and local governance. Strengthening of regulatory arrangements and institutional capacity of central and local agencies for technical, procurement, financial, and safeguards management can play important roles in improving the quality of project implementation and achieving intended objectives.

Project Number: 40554-022, 40554-032
Project Name: Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Reforms with broad-based consultations reflecting country needs and context have better chances to succeed. Much of the program's success can be attributed to participation and ownership of stakeholders during formulation and implementation of the policy reforms, as well as to alignment of the policies with the prevailing political and economic situation.

Project Number: 40554-022, 40554-032
Project Name: Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Private sector participation in utility operation has been mutually beneficial for government, private sector, and consumers benefitting from reliable service at competitive prices.With adequate implementation arrangements, projects can strengthen interagency coordination and cooperation, as this project has done.Additional potential synergies among components and associated benefits should be planned during project preparation to enhance project outcome.

Project Number: 36595-013
Project Name: Anhui Hefei Urban Environment Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project implementation delays. Project implementation experienced significant delays. The initial delay was caused by insufficient project readiness, inadequate dedicated staff assigned by Public Works Department, delays in finalizing the design reports and bid documents, and time needed to obtain environment and/or forest clearance for tree cutting. During construction, the delays were caused by poor performance of some contractors and Naxalite attacks. To avoid implementation delays, project preparation should be undertaken before approval.

Project Number: 36005-013
Project Name: Chhattisgarh State Road Development Project
Report Date: