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Lesson
Regarding use of the RMF (road maintenance fund), while the funding base for the RMF is broadening and annual expenditure allocations increasing, the fund is now spending only part of its income on maintenance and the amount for routine maintenance is relatively small. The RMF is not independent from the government budget system, and in 2014 - 2015 only 89% of fuel levy revenue is budgeted to be spent. This raises potential concern as to the future sustainability of the overall road maintenance.

Project Number: 41656-012
Project Name: Northern Greater Mekong Subregion Transport Network Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Another important lesson learned from the project was that the use of a 6-year implementation period and design - construct contracts for the civil works packages was successful in addressing implementation delays that have occurred in previous road projects in the Lao PDR. The reasons for this success are (i) consultants can review contractors' designs easily and maintain the quality of design, and (ii) design - construct contracts can shorten the implementation period.

Project Number: 41656-012
Project Name: Northern Greater Mekong Subregion Transport Network Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project implementation delays in the civil works for contract R4-1 (Xieng-Ngeun - Pak Khone) were caused by a non-performing contractor, requiring the reallocation of part of the civil works to the performing contractor for contract R4-3 (Nam Pui Bridge - Paklay Bridge) to expedite and complete works in a timely manner. The lesson learned from this is that the executing agencies of future projects need to identify and replace non-performing contractors at an early stage and replace them with performing contractors.

Project Number: 41656-012
Project Name: Northern Greater Mekong Subregion Transport Network Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project demonstrated that the upgrading of national roads that connect the poorer districts of the Lao PDR is a viable means of addressing accessibility to markets and services for poor rural districts. The project provides an important link in the GMS (Greater Mekong Subregion) transport corridors connecting northern Thailand, northern Viet Nam, and the southern provinces of the PRC (People's Republic of China).

Project Number: 41656-012
Project Name: Northern Greater Mekong Subregion Transport Network Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The delayed start of establishing EMIS (Education Management Information System) across model vocational schools prevented the adequate gathering of data throughout the project duration. Although an M&E specialist was also recruited to independently monitor and evaluate project activities, the project performance management system and specific measures for key output and outcome indicators were not all adequately developed. This makes it difficult to fully assess the progress of some indicators or the quality of outputs achieved.

Project Number: 33409-013
Project Name: Vocational Education Strengthening Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Since major project activities were managed by the schools themselves, a specific approach should have been designed to provide remedial support to relatively poor performing schools such as additional capacity development programs, especially in planning and management practices, monitoring and evaluation.

Project Number: 33409-013
Project Name: Vocational Education Strengthening Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Given the complexity of the project activities that were implemented across 90 model and 230 alliance schools throughout the nation, the project design could have considered more efficient implementation arrangements in procuring equipment for all the schools. The initial arrangement of central procurement through NCB (national competitive bidding) method turned out to be very time-consuming and less effective. More thorough due diligence for procurement arrangements would have facilitate smoother implementation of project activities at lower costs.

Project Number: 33409-013
Project Name: Vocational Education Strengthening Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Given the range of physical, nonphysical, and capacity building activities throughout the project duration, the formulation of appropriate indicators measuring the project's outcomes should have been more realistic in line with the sequencing of project implementation activities. Much of the quality impacts, such as improved exam scores and employment rates, were beginning to take effect only toward the end of project implementation, following the completion of upgrading physical facilities, improvement of teachers' qualifications, and adoption of new teaching methods.

Project Number: 33409-013
Project Name: Vocational Education Strengthening Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Uzavtoyul to implement RAMS (road asset management system) directly. Future RAMS components should be implemented directly by the end user Uzavtoyul rather than through the PMU (project management unit) to ensure better coordination between the consultant and the end user. This implementation strategy will maximize long-term sustainability and provide the end user with full planning and implementation control and ownership of the outcomes.

Project Number: 42107-023
Project Name: CAREC Corridor 2 Road Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Maximizing gender benefits. The gender training subcomponent, which benefited from the synergy with RETA (regional technical assistance) 7563 grant, showed overwhelmingly successful results achieving extensive gender benefits. This included improved community knowledge of basic health, sanitation, and reproductive health by providing facilities and improving mobility; and group formation and development of livelihood skills for local women through training a selected group of Sarimoy women in business skills development.

Project Number: 42107-023
Project Name: CAREC Corridor 2 Road Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Realistic estimation of project and contract duration. In future, project schedules should carefully take into account (a) actual construction period available in a year considering the potential inclement weather conditions; (b) delays in contractor mobilization; (c) longer-than- expected time spent by government agencies in procurement matters due to their limited capacity or lengthy internal approval procedures; and (d) possible flaws in the initial designs that may require additional surveys and increase the scope of the contract.

Project Number: 42107-023
Project Name: CAREC Corridor 2 Road Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Integrated projects planning for economic corridors and regional economic impacts. The newly built 50 km section of the A380 highway is located along CAREC (Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation) Corridor 2 which has two border-crossing points (i) Termez at the Afghanistan border and (ii) Daut-ata at the Kazakhstan border. The remaining sections of the A380 highway are being improved under ongoing projects and future projects planned by the government.

Project Number: 42107-023
Project Name: CAREC Corridor 2 Road Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Objectives under Output 3 could have been pursued further through other ADB modalities when the AETP (Accelerating Economic Transformation Program) was discontinued (as in Output 1 on energy and social protection). The lack of structural transformation had been presented as one fundamental reason why the BOP (balance of payments) crises are recurrent in Pakistan. There was a strong consensus during subprogram 1 and subprogram 2 that resource mobilization, internal or external, is not what constrains Pakistan development in normal times (i.e. outside crisis episodes).

Project Number: 42163-013
Project Name: Accelerating Economic Transformation Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Attaching support for this reform agenda to a crisis fighting effort and to an IMF (International Monetary Fund) adjustment program was a major handicap for the AETP (Accelerating Economic Transformation Program). A multiyear pursuit of structural transformation objectives would have benefited from not being linked to the short-term financial targets that govern macroeconomic stabilization programs, crucial as they are.

Project Number: 42163-013
Project Name: Accelerating Economic Transformation Program
Report Date:
Lesson
To enhance its operational and financial performance, Azerenergy is (i) streamlining its core business and transferring distribution networks assets and liabilities to Azerishiq, which will improve its financial performance and reduce administrative expenses; (ii) expanding power export to Georgia, Turkey and Russia; (iii) introducing enterprise resource planning, and enhancing internal audit and control to improve budgeting and planning functions; and (iv) accessing capital markets and diversifying financing channels (Azerenergy successfully obtained a corporate credit rating of BBB-/A-3 i

Project Number: 42085-013
Project Name: Power Transmission Enhancement Project
Report Date: