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Lesson
Realistic estimation of project and contract duration. In future, project schedules should carefully take into account (a) actual construction period available in a year considering the potential inclement weather conditions; (b) delays in contractor mobilization; (c) longer-than- expected time spent by government agencies in procurement matters due to their limited capacity or lengthy internal approval procedures; and (d) possible flaws in the initial designs that may require additional surveys and increase the scope of the contract.

Project Number: 42107-023
Project Name: CAREC Corridor 2 Road Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Integrated projects planning for economic corridors and regional economic impacts. The newly built 50 km section of the A380 highway is located along CAREC (Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation) Corridor 2 which has two border-crossing points (i) Termez at the Afghanistan border and (ii) Daut-ata at the Kazakhstan border. The remaining sections of the A380 highway are being improved under ongoing projects and future projects planned by the government.

Project Number: 42107-023
Project Name: CAREC Corridor 2 Road Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The agriculture science and technology adopted an expanded project structure involving over 25 project implementing units. It procured goods and services at the local level to overcome the challenge of implementing the innovative features in the existing public procurement system. A lesson from this project shows that while a high number of implementing units is generally discouraged in ADB project design, it may have been a success factor in this particular project.

Project Number: 36304-013
Project Name: Agriculture Science and Technology Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Objectives under Output 3 could have been pursued further through other ADB modalities when the AETP (Accelerating Economic Transformation Program) was discontinued (as in Output 1 on energy and social protection). The lack of structural transformation had been presented as one fundamental reason why the BOP (balance of payments) crises are recurrent in Pakistan. There was a strong consensus during subprogram 1 and subprogram 2 that resource mobilization, internal or external, is not what constrains Pakistan development in normal times (i.e. outside crisis episodes).

Project Number: 42163-013
Project Name: Accelerating Economic Transformation Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Attaching support for this reform agenda to a crisis fighting effort and to an IMF (International Monetary Fund) adjustment program was a major handicap for the AETP (Accelerating Economic Transformation Program). A multiyear pursuit of structural transformation objectives would have benefited from not being linked to the short-term financial targets that govern macroeconomic stabilization programs, crucial as they are.

Project Number: 42163-013
Project Name: Accelerating Economic Transformation Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Regular assignment of the PIU's (project implementation unit's) representatives at the project sites. For future projects, it is recommended that the PIU assign a representative to the project site to monitor the civil works progress closely with the construction supervision consultants, which will help the PIU identify issues at early stage and take prompt actions for resolution.

Project Number: 39669-013
Project Name: CAREC Regional Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Higher ADB financing for civil works components. The project completion review mission noted that ADB financing for these components was only 2.8% of the total civil works costs, against 14.9% at appraisal. This is rather marginal compared to the resources spent administering the project. For efficient use of ADB resources, ADB financing of civil works should be at least 50% of project costs for projects of this size. It is noted that for other components, ADB financing was 100%, which helped to resolve the disputes efficiently.

Project Number: 39669-013
Project Name: CAREC Regional Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Need for minimizing staff turnover in the executing agency during implementation. The PIU's (project implementation unit's) project director was changed frequently affecting the project management efficiency. Such frequent changes of the project director should be minimized.

Project Number: 39669-013
Project Name: CAREC Regional Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Need for careful assessment of project management and construction supervision consultant's qualification. The PMCS (project management and construction supervision) consultant's performance was found to be generally satisfactory. However, the team leader was replaced three times during implementation, which affected the progress of civil works. In future, CVs (curriculum vitae) of the candidates should be assessed carefully to ensure highly qualified and experienced experts are selected, with a preference for permanent staff of the consulting firm.

Project Number: 39669-013
Project Name: CAREC Regional Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Need for timely taking over of completed project sections by the government. At completion, the taking over of section 1 by Uzavtoyul was delayed due to administrative problems within the government. This contributed to poor maintenance after the defects liability period. This issue was resolved in 2014. Future taking over of completed road sections needs to be conducted in a timely manner by the government.

Project Number: 39669-013
Project Name: CAREC Regional Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Need for including all related works in the scope of work for civil works contractors. For the road development component, earthworks and the construction of the subbase were excluded from scope of work of the international contractors. This reduced the efficiency of the construction works, because the national contractors were unable to complete works of acceptable quality as designed and it took considerable time to rectify the defects. These works should have been integrated within the overall scope of the civil works.

Project Number: 39669-013
Project Name: CAREC Regional Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Imprest accounts. The project received financing from various sources at different time intervals through grant agreements 0175, 0176, 0177, 0207, 0210 and recipient's contribution through government annual budget and the NTF (National Transport Fund). The disbursement of funds was carried out through direct payment and reimbursement procedures by maintaining three first generation and five second generation accounts.

Project Number: 43381-012
Project Name: Second Road Improvement (Sector) Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Community liaison. Effective and efficient community liaison by experienced persons is important to resolving conflicts between the community and workforce, and between expatriate and local labor. Greater capacity will be required in MID (Ministry of Infrastructure Development) to manage community liaison, identify affected people, and manage the process of compensation to avoid community dissatisfaction.

Project Number: 43381-012
Project Name: Second Road Improvement (Sector) Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Climate change adaptation. The project implemented several measures to mitigate impacts from climate change. At present, these measures are effective and efficient. Continuous monitoring and maintenance of improved assets is needed to ensure sustainability of the adaptation measures.

Project Number: 43381-012
Project Name: Second Road Improvement (Sector) Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sound technical and economic safeguard procedures are required to support NTP (National Transport Plan) implementation. All such procedures are essential for translation of the NTP into worthwhile and fully supported investments on the ground. Appropriate engagement and communication with stakeholders is essential to ensure these processes are fully understood as well as the reasons for particular technical decisions. A stronger country safeguards system, including guidelines on obtaining land for transport projects, is essential.

Project Number: 43381-012
Project Name: Second Road Improvement (Sector) Project
Report Date: