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CSV
Lesson
The absence of detailed cost estimates and procurement plan that clearly allocate funds for external monitoring led to delays in recruiting external environment monitoring agencies, reduced the scope of external monitoring, and caused delays in the submission of environment monitoring reports for some subprojects. The lesson from this can be considered in similar future projects.

Project Number: 40665-013
Project Name: Songhua River Basin Water Pollution Control and Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Given the importance of the project to women (based on the household survey and focus group discussions during appraisal stage), more attention is needed to identify an appropriate gender mainstreaming category. Without this, the project may lack interventions that could directly improve women's access to and in managing basic urban infrastructure.

Project Number: 40665-013
Project Name: Songhua River Basin Water Pollution Control and Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sustainability of project assets and O&M arrangements.

Project Number: 26427-013
Project Name: Secondary Towns Integrated Flood Protection Project (Phase 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Delays caused by lengthy land acquisition procedures. Land acquisition and resettlement is the object of complex and lengthy procedures, causing project implementation delays—although the nature and extent of the issues encountered are not described in any detail. The lesson learned is the need during project preparation to ensure the full commitment of the government and the executing agency to implement the resettlement plan.

Project Number: 26427-013
Project Name: Secondary Towns Integrated Flood Protection Project (Phase 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Knowledge about local context and political dynamics will be important, as well as investing enough time for dialogue and consultation with local stakeholders.

Project Number: 30303-013
Project Name: Karnataka Urban Development and Coastal Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Finding the right balance of complexity is important, and ADB should spend enough time during project preparation to decide how complex or simple the project scope will be. Lessons from evaluation studies indicate that projects with fewer subprojects are easier to manage and achieve better results.

Project Number: 30303-013
Project Name: Karnataka Urban Development and Coastal Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is easier to build new infrastructure than to repair the existing infrastructure, in terms of both cost and political benefit/visibility. Local authorities and ADB have focused on new infrastructure in the past. Replacing old and leaky water lines is expensive, not because of the water pipe itself, but because of road repairs and related traffic disruption in busy, already overcrowded lanes and streets. These associated expenditures cost several times more than the water line itself, and are often underestimated.

Project Number: 30303-013
Project Name: Karnataka Urban Development and Coastal Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Future projects need to develop clear rules and obligations for efficient water sharing. ADB loan covenants need to ensure that city governments, with assistance from state and national governments, resolve cost-sharing arrangements before the project is closed and assets are transferred.

Project Number: 30303-013
Project Name: Karnataka Urban Development and Coastal Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Integrated infrastructure development also includes optimizing the design of the facilities so that cost is minimized and the service coverage maximized. This may entail sharing the use of a facility between adjacent cities if that is a cheaper alternative compared to providing standalone facilities for each city.

Project Number: 30303-013
Project Name: Karnataka Urban Development and Coastal Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB should promote a policy dialogue for water sector reforms at the national or state level on the best institutional arrangements for urban-rural sharing of water.

Project Number: 30303-013
Project Name: Karnataka Urban Development and Coastal Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Municipal governments need to strategize how to achieve wider water supply coverage, including exploring cross-subsidies between industrial/commercial users and household consumers, and providing subsidized connections to low-income families.

Project Number: 30303-013
Project Name: Karnataka Urban Development and Coastal Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The state government needs to provide financial incentives to encourage ULBs to take their tariff setting and revenue collection more seriously. Such incentives should be performance driven, and preferably also underpinned by accountability agreements between the state government and the ULBs.

Project Number: 30303-013
Project Name: Karnataka Urban Development and Coastal Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Tariff reform in the water sector is difficult due to cultural and political sensitivities. As such, a strategic approach to tariffs and cost recovery is needed. It may include a clear timeline to increase tariffs, and address the unwillingness to charge for water and sanitation services. A clear approach to the broader sustainability of the project needs to be set out in project proposals.

Project Number: 30303-013
Project Name: Karnataka Urban Development and Coastal Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A chicken-and-egg dilemma confronts the local governments in their efforts to enforce appropriate water tariffs. Consumers would agree to tariff increases only after services have been improved. National government policy is sympathetic to this sentiment. On the other hand, local governments cannot improve water services if they cannot collect adequate revenues.

Project Number: 30303-013
Project Name: Karnataka Urban Development and Coastal Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The use of sewage lines for evacuating excess storm drain water has led to problems of overflowing in some areas, so it is important to ensure drainage and sewer networks are separated. This reconfirms that urban sector projects, particularly the ones providing water and sanitation, remain relevant for countries with a high rate of urbanization.

Project Number: 30303-013
Project Name: Karnataka Urban Development and Coastal Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
CSV