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Lesson
Budget allocations and actual expenditures to continually achieve project objectives are an indication of its sustainability. As there was a general lack of a strong legal framework or related reform to support the sustainability of the project, ADB should have used information on budget allocations and actual expenditure for the higher education sector after project implementation to more substantially confirm the sustainability of the project’s results.

Project Number: 43007-023
Project Name: Higher Education Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to include in the design and monitoring framework (DMF) the extent to which capacity-building activities improve trainees' perception of their capacity to perform project-related tasks to gauge the effectiveness of such activities. Most project activities were capacity building. However, DMF targets measuring capacity-building activities were limited to the number of trainees reached which was purely informational for project accountability.

Project Number: 43007-023
Project Name: Higher Education Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Changes in scope could cause a lack of alignment between outcomes and outputs in the project’s results chain. The outcome target indicator for the increased number of disadvantaged students enrolled in HEIs was not linked to the output activity and indicator that the project design intended. By associating an outcome target with a potential output activity that can contribute to its achievement, project implementation activities would be purposeful.

Project Number: 43007-023
Project Name: Higher Education Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate risk assessments can prevent projects from achieving results. The design and monitoring framework was designed with more assumptions made than risks identified. Overall project implementation was impacted by changes in government, although higher education institutions (HEIs) remained a priority for the government. Identification of risks related to unforeseen changes in government would have informed ADB and the project implementation unit of factors that could prevent the achievement of project results.

Project Number: 43007-023
Project Name: Higher Education Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Provision of adequate technical support for the executing and implementing agencies with respect to procurement planning as well as consultant recruitment and management helps in streamlining the procurement timeline processes. Specifically, providing capacity building support and training on ADB procurement procedures, biddings, and contracts facilitates effective execution of civil works' activities.

Project Number: 49168-001
Project Name: Improving School Dormitory Environment for Primary Students in Western Region Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Projects supporting educational reforms such as improving the school dormitory system require a well-defined development plan and multi-faceted approach. Greater support for financial, human and physical resources, and capacity building, specifically support for policy and educational regulatory reforms, helps in improving project sustainability and in turn promotes better access to education.

Project Number: 49168-001
Project Name: Improving School Dormitory Environment for Primary Students in Western Region Project
Report Date:
Lesson
While cross-project collaboration are potentially powerful tools to achieve multiple objectives and reduce costs, it requires thought and planning, and the benefits are not automatic.

Project Number: 36513-032
Project Name: SchoolNet and Community Access Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A complex and ambitious project needs to be built on solid analysis, otherwise the potential innovation is likely to fail.

Project Number: 36513-032
Project Name: SchoolNet and Community Access Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The DMF, along with the indicators and targets, should be revised and updated accordingly if and when a project goes through a major change in scope.

Project Number: 31309-013
Project Name: Post-Literacy and Continuing Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Realistic targets linked to performance indicators need to be set with clear baseline data and time period, and to ensure that these indicators are monitorable and measurable.

Project Number: 31309-013
Project Name: Post-Literacy and Continuing Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
During the DMF exercise, outcomes should describe the immediate and direct benefits of the outputs and articulate changes the project is expected to create.

Project Number: 31309-013
Project Name: Post-Literacy and Continuing Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Decentralized and community-based training ensures relevance of skills in demand by the labor market in a particular district.

Project Number: 31309-013
Project Name: Post-Literacy and Continuing Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The outcome indicators in the DMF appear to measure the socioeconomic performance of Thanh Hoa City instead of project outcomes. Increases in industrial productivity, tourist arrivals, and employment rates cannot be uniquely ascribed to interventions financed by the project and are not adequate as outcome indicators.

Project Number: 41013-013
Project Name: Thanh Hoa City Comprehensive Socioeconomic Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Appraisal estimates of FIRR as an example need to be constantly reviewed in the course of project implementation—appraisal methodological errors should not be discovered during a completion mission.Sector-level lessons. The special features of the project design needs to be further promoted where possible.

Project Number: 41013-013
Project Name: Thanh Hoa City Comprehensive Socioeconomic Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lessons

Project Number: 35174-013, 35174-022, 35174-023, 35174-032
Project Name: Education Sector Program (Subprograms I–III)
Report Date: