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Lesson
The ownership and rationale of policy reforms need to be carefully assessed at appraisal. Strong ownership and consistent government support are critical to the success of program loans. As such, the ownership and rationale of policy reforms should be carefully assessed at appraisal. In assessing ownership, it is important to remember that policy actions affect many stakeholders, both within and outside the government.

Project Number: 45253-002
Project Name: Third Capital Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Procurement should be exhaustive. Developing a procurement strategy with proper analysis of market availability, operating environment, including capacity assessments of executing and implementing agencies, and risk management will help the project achieve its intended results in a timely manner. Where a project requires participation of government-owned universities or research centers, attention should be paid at project appraisal to para. 1.13 (c) of ADB’s Guidelines on the Use of Consultants (2013, as amended from time to time).

Project Number: 45406-001
Project Name: Low Carbon Agricultural Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sound project design requires adequate technical input and open communication with key participants and/or stakeholders. Greater technical input was necessary to appraise the government’s proposed components during project preparation. Specifically, the design flaws in output 2, credit lines for biogas value chains and other climate-smart agriculture waste management investments, would have been avoided if the processing team had access to livestock, environmental, and institutional specialists with appropriate country knowledge to support the financial management specialist.

Project Number: 45406-001
Project Name: Low Carbon Agricultural Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Research activities must be undertaken early in project implementation. Where research is needed to guide the introduction of new technologies, such research is better undertaken in advance of a project so that results can be incorporated in the project design. In this project, the 5-year project time frame was too short in undertaking research, evaluating results, and effecting replication. This time frame was further exacerbated by denying the participation of government-owned research institutes in the research program.

Project Number: 45406-001
Project Name: Low Carbon Agricultural Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The DMF needs indicators that measure the actual impact of the project rather than national or sectoral changes.

Project Number: 43158-013
Project Name: Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Projects need to have robust systems for verifying results and for an MSME project, this would ideally include an end-of-project survey to independently measure impact.

Project Number: 43158-013
Project Name: Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Develop, at the design stage, clear targets on the recipients of the project.

Project Number: 43158-013
Project Name: Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
For programs which focus on gender equity, identifying and ensuring that institutions supporting gender are onboard throughout program development and implementation is crucial.

Project Number: 45230-001
Project Name: Women’s Entrepreneurship Support Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Strong analytical work supported with sex-disaggregated data is necessary to back-up and sustain the commitments of the government to prioritize interventions directly targeting women.

Project Number: 45230-001
Project Name: Women’s Entrepreneurship Support Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A clearer link between the DMF, policy actions, and the GAP is necessary.

Project Number: 45230-001
Project Name: Women’s Entrepreneurship Support Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
For a program directly targeting women, GAP targets be integrated more into the program design and included in the DMF.

Project Number: 45230-001
Project Name: Women’s Entrepreneurship Support Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The collection of sex-disaggregated data is a key feature of programs that support women and the policy-based loan funds could have been used as leverage to create such database.

Project Number: 45230-001
Project Name: Women’s Entrepreneurship Support Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Benchmarks and indicators are needed to improve urban services delivery and utility performance.

Project Number: 37220-013, 37220-023, 37220-033
Project Name: Sindh Cities Improvement Investment Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Ambitious program designs, usually underpinned by inadequate assessment of the program context and the institutional dynamics and capacities of relevant government agencies, are likely to encounter significant implementation difficulties.

Project Number: 37220-013, 37220-023, 37220-033
Project Name: Sindh Cities Improvement Investment Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Constraints to small and medium enterprise (SME) financing should have been fully identified at appraisal and addressed in the design.

Project Number: 44060-024
Project Name: Small and Medium Enterprise Investment Program (Tranche 2)
Report Date: