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Lesson
Project preparation should have included better articulation of the need or logic for integrating a program loan and a project loan in a sector development program (SDP). Policy dialogue, which is essential to clearly establish an understanding among the executing agencies that policy reforms and project loan financed investments are interlinked, should have been undertaken; however, this was missing in this SDP. Two separate loans delivered in sequence may have been preferable and more manageable.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
When functions and responsibilities are decentralized, policy dialogue with the concerned local authorities during project processing is just as important as dialogue at the central level.Although ULBs in Bangladesh depend on LGD, they enjoy some autonomy. The ULBs rapidly realized the benefit of better governance and financial management and these components were timely implemented. However, it took longer for the ULBs to appreciate the benefits of investments in sanitation and food safety funded by the project loan.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In a project involving several ministries, the choice of the executing agency (or agencies) and the role of each ministry must be carefully assessed and discussed with the government and all concerned ministries.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Close consultation with stakeholders during project design and implementation is especially needed to address the difficulties commonly arising from finding appropriate sites for solid waste and medical waste management facilities in urban projects. Due to lack of land and higher costs of construction than estimated at appraisal, it was not possible to construct the integrated waste treatment facilities, slaughterhouses, and medical waste management facilities planned under this program. These components were eventually dropped.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program 
Report Date:
Lesson
Overall project success depends to a large extent on the successful implementation of risk mitigation measures carefully identified at appraisal. Weak institutional arrangements and lack of ownership saddled the implementation of this program. A lack of capacity and coordination among different agencies compounded the difficulties. The difficulties could have been minimized or avoided through the timely implementation of risk mitigation measures drawn at appraisal. The measures should be based on a thorough assessment of all potential risks throughout the project period.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program 
Report Date:
Lesson
At the methodology level, actions that demonstrate the achievement of program policy matrix milestones should indicate what was achieved, rather than the process of their accomplishment. Cabinet approval is an inadequate indicator to demonstrate the successful implementation of policy reform in Tonga.

Project Number: 52030-001
Project Name: Strengthening Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In small island developing countries with limited policy reform capacity, ADB should avoid targeting multiple reform areas in one policy-based grant, particularly during a crisis.

Project Number: 52030-001
Project Name: Strengthening Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Overly ambitious performance indicators can undermine some of the program’s achievements, particularly when reforms are undertaken during a crisis. In this program, The higher-level objective of a more inclusive, sustainable, and dynamic knowledge-based economy did not relate closely to the policy actions in the program—apart from the introduction of technical and vocational education and training.

Project Number: 52030-001
Project Name: Strengthening Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Failing to describe and include the history of prior experience of a particular reform in the program weakens the case for their relevance. In Tonga, civil service reform had an extended history. Pointing out the lessons learned from earlier efforts and how they were incorporated into the current program would have strengthened the justification for these reforms.

Project Number: 52030-001
Project Name: Strengthening Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Prior to commencement, implementation arrangements should be agreed by all participating agencies to avoid unnecessary delays.

Project Number: 47320-001
Project Name: Samoa Submarine Cable Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A clear implementation arrangement with respect to technical, institutional, and scope of work helps to avoid prolonged and lengthy implementation delays, especially for projects involving multiple cofinanciers and implementing agencies.

Project Number: 47320-001
Project Name: Samoa Submarine Cable Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lessons

Project Number: 35174-013, 35174-022, 35174-023, 35174-032
Project Name: Education Sector Program (Subprograms I–III)
Report Date:
Lesson
The project was complex and involved many stakeholders (DBP, DOH and PHIC, LGUs, private sector venture, small-scale private providers, and local beneficiaries). A careful stakeholder analysis involving consultations with all participants to identify needs, constraints, and potential benefits could have improved the project design, its assumptions, and risk mitigation strategies.

Project Number: 41664-013
Project Name: Credit for Better Health Care Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project ownership is important. With DBP, a financial institution as executing agency, DOH did not have primary responsibility for this health project. Inter-sector collaboration can bring significant benefits but is not easy: it requires significant efforts and a clear governance structure with specific reporting and coordination mechanisms. Leadership is essential and needs to be carefully established to ensure effectiveness and efficiency. The HSIAC should have been more actively involved and better coordinated the project.

Project Number: 41664-013
Project Name: Credit for Better Health Care Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Private health providers can play an important role when developing a network of quality health services in rural and other underserved areas. The needs of private sector entities and small-scale health providers, however, are different. Easy access to credit by small-scale providers, in itself, is insufficient. Needs and constraints also should be addressed. This covers (i) technical support—referral networks, continuous training, and colleagues’ advice; and (ii) family support—access to schools for children, work opportunities for the spouse, safety, and other needs and constraints.

Project Number: 41664-013
Project Name: Credit for Better Health Care Project
Report Date: