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Lesson
A realistic policy framework with manageable policy actions is needed to implement air quality reforms.

Project Number: 49232-001
Project Name: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Air Quality Improvement-Hebei Policy Reforms Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Strong commitment and coordination among development partners make the attainment of policy reforms more feasible.

Project Number: 49232-001
Project Name: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Air Quality Improvement-Hebei Policy Reforms Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Sustained engagement is important in undertaking policy reforms that may take many years to implement.

Project Number: 49232-001
Project Name: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Air Quality Improvement-Hebei Policy Reforms Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Dialoguing to better understand existing regulations and policies is vital to ensuring project compliance with government requirements.

Project Number: 49232-001
Project Name: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Air Quality Improvement-Hebei Policy Reforms Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Policy action recommendations need to be backed by adequate technical and economic due diligence, including feasibility studies.

Project Number: 49232-001
Project Name: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Air Quality Improvement-Hebei Policy Reforms Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate macroeconomic analysis and policy dialogue are essential to the sound formulation and quick mobilization of stakeholder support for an emergency economic response package under ADB's Countercylical Support Facility (CSF).

Project Number: 49083-001
Project Name: Countercyclical Support
Report Date:
Lesson
Instead of internally negotiating for the CSF loan to exceed the $500 million cap for each member country, an additional parallel programmatic support should have been explored by the project team to facilitate the quick processing and release of emergency budget support to Kazakhstan.

Project Number: 49083-002
Project Name: Countercyclical Support
Report Date:
Lesson
In countries with capacity challenges, reforms take time as limited capacity results in implementation delays. This must be accounted for in design.

Project Number: 44061-012
Project Name: Strengthening Public Resource Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Where country systems are weak, program monitoring could benefit from TA (technical assistance), as in Tajikistan. The TA could focus on expenditure tracking mechanisms, internal controls, and external audits; and be conducted in two stages. In the first stage, when monitoring capacity is still weak, experts could be engaged to monitor program-supported expenditures rather than relying on the government to submit monitoring reports. The second stage would focus on improving country systems to help the transition of monitoring tasks from external experts to government staff.

Project Number: 44061-012
Project Name: Strengthening Public Resource Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In order to have a meaningful and more sustainable impact, policy reforms should focus on areas in which ADB has been engaged and remains involved over a longer time period.

Project Number: 44061-012
Project Name: Strengthening Public Resource Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Gender-related goals are generally easier to monitor if they are policy conditions instead of targets in the DMF (design and monitoring framework).

Project Number: 44061-012
Project Name: Strengthening Public Resource Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A program concentrating on a single area is much more likely to have a bigger impact than a program with several focuses

Project Number: 44061-012
Project Name: Strengthening Public Resource Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Policy reforms invariably require a champion to steer and lead. The Minister of Labor and Social Protection, who had earlier been the Chairman of Amonatbank, was the key figure in promoting the plastic cards pilot program. Despite some issues (some of which may still linger), this remains a modern step in pension reform in the region. Similarly, the reforms in the Tax Committee had considerable government ownership and support. During the program, the President announced issuance of a new Tax Code, an action that was endorsed by the program.

Project Number: 44061-012
Project Name: Strengthening Public Resource Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A multiple tranche design or program cluster design is useful, as it brings more balance to the program and helps keep up the government's commitment, even though such a design has high transaction costs for the government and ADB. Such designs also discourage the tendency for the government and ADB to include easier actions in the initial tranche and tougher ones in the later tranches, thereby unbalancing the program and leading to less than successful ratings. The incentive tranche kept ADB and the government engaged and kept the reforms on track.

Project Number: 44061-012
Project Name: Strengthening Public Resource Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Local government reform is a complex undertaking, involving major changes in the regulatory framework, institutional arrangements, supporting infrastructure, and human capacity. It also requires a long-term perspective in both design and implementation. Thus, the government?s continuous commitment to reform, its ownership of the program, and collaborative support by the donor community are all necessary elements in designing local government reform through a programmatic approach.

Project Number: 39516-013, 39516-023
Project Name: Local Government Financing and Budget Reform Program Cluster
Report Date: