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Lesson
The introduction and enforcement of local regulations on sanitation and environment protection was not supported by the project nor included as a covenant. Although the introduction was still achievable, enforcement would need support from the project.

Project Number: 28315-013
Project Name: Third Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Covering a vast number of cities spread over almost the entire country may not be an effective way of maximizing the use of resources. A focused geographic approach would have provided flexibility for designing better social and economic benefits for the beneficiaries. The effectiveness of the investment in generating development impact, as well as project efficiency, would have been improved.

Project Number: 35143-013
Project Name: Neighborhood Upgrading and Shelter Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Under the decentralization law, the national government no longer exercises administrative control over regional governments. Likewise, the provincial government does not have administrative control over district governments. Subsequently, local coordinating offices are under the administrative supervision of local governments, thus establishing appropriate city management and monitoring arrangements is essential to exercise administrative and technical supervision and provide support to community neighborhoods.

Project Number: 35143-013
Project Name: Neighborhood Upgrading and Shelter Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project produced some important insights for neighborhood upgrading interventions to be considered for future project designs.

Project Number: 35143-013
Project Name: Neighborhood Upgrading and Shelter Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Microfinance for housing should be encouraged. Housing microfinance is an important long-term development instrument. Microfinance institutions that have clienteles with good reputation as borrowers are best suited to implement such housing microfinance loans.

Project Number: 32499-013
Project Name: Development of Poor Urban Communities Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A bigger role for nongovernment organizations (NGOs) can be envisaged. NGOs can borrow from the Developnment Bank of the Philippines if they have sufficient collateral at their disposal. However, few NGOs may have land available for housing, and may consequently rely on partnerships with other stakeholders, such as the local government units or the private sector, to access land for their projects.

Project Number: 32499-013
Project Name: Development of Poor Urban Communities Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Local government units (LGUs) are important as facilitators of housing projects, but should not be overburdened with housing production or housing loans. LGU-driven projects are important and strategic for targeting the urban poor. LGUs can have a crucial role in provision of land, particularly land that has been proclaimed by the President of the Philippines for social housing purposes. However, there needs to be additional innovation to make the urban poor bankable.

Project Number: 32499-013
Project Name: Development of Poor Urban Communities Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Private sector developers need to be motivated to prefinance and build social housing schemes. The private sector modality does work if established in tandem with a take-out mechanism from Home Development Mutual Fund (HDMF). While the private sector will only require short-term loans during the construction period (until a scheme is fully sold), it relies on a separate financing mechanism through HMDF or similar other arrangements.

Project Number: 32499-013
Project Name: Development of Poor Urban Communities Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Lessons from previous projects. Lessons from two older ADB urban sector loan projects to Karachi in 1986 and 1991, respectively, which were rated unsuccessful and partly successful, include the need for (i) greater attention to sustainability, (ii) enhanced project design based on sound assessments, (iii) careful consideration for institutional shortcomings of executing and implementing agencies, and (iv) greater efforts to address the financial insolvency problems of the Karachi local government bodies.

Project Number: 38405-013
Project Name: Mega City Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A major reason for the delay in project start-up was the variance between the report and recomendations of the president (RRP) and the government's PC-1 planning document. Draft RRPs and PC-1s for a project should be shared between ADB and the borrower well before loan approval.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Local government counterpart funding should not be included in future projects because such funds were invariably delayed which resulted in implementation delays.

Project Number: 33548-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
There was a 3-year gap between the project preparatory technical assistance (PPTA) evaluations (in the last quarter of 1999) and the start (effectiveness) of the project (in the last quarter of 2002). Most structural and financial management plans, base maps, and priority subprojects therefore had to be reappraised at the start of the project, further delaying the project and straining limited capacity. To keep evaluations and project designs relevant, the time between project preparation and start up should not exceed 1 year.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Given the limited time and resources under the project, capacity building for urban development administration authorities (UDAAs) focused on construction management and supervision, operation and maintenance (O&M) of infrastructure and of sanitary landfills, and exchange of lessons among UDAAs. Various workshops were organized on these topics for managerial staff, accountants, and engineers of UDAAs. By strengthening core capacities, the project created momentum for continued support of long-term capacity building to enable UDAAs to provide quality public services.

Project Number: 31352-013
Project Name: Small Towns Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project supported reforms only in the 24 participating tehsil municipal administrations (TMAs). The provincial government was expected to undertake reforms and address capacity gaps in all the other TMAs (52 in all). This arrangement seriously isolated the reform process. Sector loan projects should assess the political will, capacity, and incentives related to policy actions at all levels before building the support and incentives mechanism for reforms.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Weak government commitment. Given the political environment and the likelihood that a significant lack of consensus might be a daily reality on this project, the design should never have been so complex, with four different subcomponents, leading to a much larger MFF expectation. Perhaps a lesson here is that to achieve early and committed buy-in to required reforms and institutional shake-up, smaller and simpler components could be tested through a small scale or project preparatory TAs, which may lead to visible and larger MFF commitments.

Project Number: 38405-013
Project Name: Mega City Development Project
Report Date: