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Lesson
Reductions in government counterpart funds must be documented especially to review and derive learnings on how these impact the scope and implementation of ADB-financed projects. A reduction in government counterpart funds and increase in the domestic loan amount under this project was not documented by ADB. The EA indicated a policy change in 2015 that affected the scope of government counterpart funds; however, documentation of such a policy change was missing.

Project Number: 47009-002
Project Name: Guangxi Baise Vocational Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementation arrangements are critical to the success of projects. Initial implementation progress under this project was mixed: while output 2 was progressing according to schedule, outputs 1 and 3 were not. At ADB's instance, the implementing agency (IA), the Baise University instituted reforms in the implementation arrangements, with the Vice President of the university replacing the project leading groups.

Project Number: 47009-002
Project Name: Guangxi Baise Vocational Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Efforts to train EAS and IAs in ADB procurement procedures will do little in developing institutional procurement capacity with the persistence of staff turnover in these agencies. In this project, frequent turnover of key staff members prevented the training from reaching all those responsible for developing requests for proposals, formulating evaluation criteria, and reviewing bids against the criteria. Consequently, procurement capacity remained low.

Project Number: 47009-002
Project Name: Guangxi Baise Vocational Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
EAs and IAs commonly perceive the low-cost option as the preferred option. However, in the case of consultant selection and civil works contractor selection in thisproject, this perception was debunked by poor contractor performance and issues with payment.

Project Number: 47009-002
Project Name: Guangxi Baise Vocational Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Wage issues significantly affect the demographics of the teaching projection. The project observed a shift in the demographics of teachers, with an increase in non-minority teachers and a decrease in minority teachers. This shift can be attributed to local wage disparities, which incentivize local women, including ethnic minorities, to seek employment opportunities in higher-paying regions such as Nanning and Guangdong.

Project Number: 47009-002
Project Name: Guangxi Baise Vocational Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
There is a need to provide employability training and support to enhance the employment prospects of women even in non-skilled jobs. During project implementation, many employment positions were created, primarily benefiting ethnic minorities, including minority women. These positions mainly involved infrastructure work with lower technical skill requirements and cleaning work. While these opportunities were valuable, experience from the project highlighted the need for employability training and support to these groups.

Project Number: 47009-002
Project Name: Guangxi Baise Vocational Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensuring the sustainability of project benefits would require serious efforts from the component implementation units (CIUs) to raise funds from various sources. Governments have allocated annual budgets for CIUs to continue post-project operations. But financial sustainability is still a concern, as government allocations are sufficient to cover only routine facility maintenance and supplies and not surveillance, animal and pest outbreak responses, and repair of critical laboratory equipment.

Project Number: 43120-013
Project Name: Trade Facilitation: Improved Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Handling in Greater Mekong Subregion Trade Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Continued capacity building is required for Cambodia and the Lao PDR to move to a higher level of technical capacity in handling sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) concerns. The project has strengthened SPS capacity in Cambodia and the Lao PDR and facilitated product-specific market access agreements with neighboring countries in the Greater Mekong Subregion. It strengthened academic aspects of SPS, which were nonexistent before the project. It enabled knowledge transfer in priority SPS areas from the training and day-to-day coaching provided by project consultants.

Project Number: 43120-013
Project Name: Trade Facilitation: Improved Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Handling in Greater Mekong Subregion Trade Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Unsynchronized consultant recruitment, procurement of goods, and facility upgrades could create inefficiencies and lead to a wastage of time and resources and delayed delivery of project benefits. While overall the project proceeded smoothly, it encountered some challenges that offer valuable lessons to future projects. First, as the timing of consultant inputs and procurement of laboratory facilities and equipment were not synchronized, i.e., consultants would arrive early while facilities were not yet ready, less-than-efficient inputs were obtained.

Project Number: 43120-013
Project Name: Trade Facilitation: Improved Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Handling in Greater Mekong Subregion Trade Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Providing targeted resources to ensure sufficient understanding of ADB procurement and project administration guidelines, particularly among first-time ADB executing and implementing agencies, will help avoid startup delays. Minor implementation startup delays were encountered because of the unfamiliarity of some first-time implementing agencies with ADB procurement, financial management, and disbursement procedures. But after trainings were provided and consultants mobilized, implementation accelerated significantly.

Project Number: 43120-013
Project Name: Trade Facilitation: Improved Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Handling in Greater Mekong Subregion Trade Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Design and monitoring frameworks (DMFs) will be most useful in monitoring and evaluation if they fully and accurately reflect the program/project intended results and their indicators.

Project Number: 41544-088, 41544-089, 41544-091
Project Name: Second Investment Climate Improvement Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Continued close coordination among development partners is important to improve synergies, strengthen implementation, and enhance the impact of policy reforms in the Kyrgyz Republic.

Project Number: 41544-088, 41544-089, 41544-091
Project Name: Second Investment Climate Improvement Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The combination of long-term programmatic support and technical assistance (TA) is effective in achieving policy reforms.

Project Number: 41544-088, 41544-089, 41544-091
Project Name: Second Investment Climate Improvement Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Dialoguing to better understand existing regulations and policies is vital to ensuring project compliance with government requirements.

Project Number: 49232-001
Project Name: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Air Quality Improvement-Hebei Policy Reforms Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Policy action recommendations need to be backed by adequate technical and economic due diligence, including feasibility studies.

Project Number: 49232-001
Project Name: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Air Quality Improvement-Hebei Policy Reforms Program
Report Date: