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Lesson
Small projects in the water supply and sanitation sector have high capital costs relative to larger projects where economies of scale are a factor and affect tariff levels and affordability in smaller communities. Government budgetary support is necessary to ensure operation and maintenance and long-term benefits when economies of scale are absent. Budgetary support also maintains affordable tariffs for the most disadvantaged.

Project Number: 36188-023
Project Name: Secondary Towns Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB’s ability to effectively monitor safeguard and technical due diligence issues arise when the loans are financially closed before works are completed.

Project Number: 38254-053
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
Use of consultants from other tranche projects is only appropriate if their performance is satisfactory.

Project Number: 38254-053
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
A project performance management system (PPMS), which was not included in the project design, could have been beneficial for identifying, quantifying, and valuing economic benefits, and help in evaluating the extent of the project’s effectiveness and sustainability

Project Number: 38254-053
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
The achievement of project outcomes and outputs, and the development impact of the project demonstrates the effectiveness of water supply and sanitation projects to increase the economic welfare of the poorest and most disadvantaged people in a country.

Project Number: 38254-053
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
The design and effective implementation of a project performance monitoring system is essential to the economic and financial evaluation of water supply and sanitation projects. The collection of benefits data helps in the identification, quantification, and valuation of economic and financial benefits for evaluation during and after project completion

Project Number: 36188-023
Project Name: Secondary Towns Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
With the project's investment in improving wastewater treatment, solid waste management and recycling, an opportunity arose to establish and impose full cost recovery tariffs and charges for these activities. Appropriate tariff studies could have been undertaken and with recommendations for replication in other towns.

Project Number: 43319-022
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion East-West Economic Corridor Towns Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Potential problems with funding the maintenance of completed subprojects and/or facilities arise when they highly rely on government budgetary allocations that may or may not materialize in the short- and medium-terms. This can lead to poor periodic maintenance, especially for road routine maintenance. In future projects, consideration could be given to performance-based road maintenance contracts where a period of maintenance is included (e.g., 5 years after completion) in the contracts.

Project Number: 43319-022
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion East-West Economic Corridor Towns Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Use of two sample subprojects at the appraisal stage is insufficient to make a reasoned assessment of the economic viability of a project of this size. A broader range of ULBs would have indicated the economic viability, sustainability, and the reform measure needed to ensure the success of the project.

Project Number: 38254-043
Project Name: MFF - North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program - Tranche 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Midterm review is a key opportunity for course correction and review of the project design. This opportunity was not fully exploited and design flaws in the DMF remained until the project completion. T

Project Number: 38254-043
Project Name: MFF - North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program - Tranche 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensuring that contractors engage project management and supervision team with adequate capacity is important. The reason for delays in implementing works contracts and the poor quality of works at the beginning of the project was the low performance of works contractors, who did not provide adequate management and supervision staff in accordance with their contractual obligations. Implementation agencies had to provide additional input to compensate contractors’ deficiencies, which resulted in high additional costs for consulting services.

Project Number: 42394-022
Project Name: Nuku'alofa Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The report and recommendation of the President (RRP) had indicated that 13 of the 25 urban local bodies (ULBs) demonstrated that their municipal cash flows would be sufficient to meet the additional expenditures resulting from the investment program and that the other 12 should propose a financial improvement action plan for sustaining the subprojects. No such action plans were developed. Had these actions plans been developed before subproject approvals, the sustainability of the subprojects would likely have improve

Project Number: 38254-043
Project Name: MFF - North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program - Tranche 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Timely capacity development for executing agencies with limited experience in ADB’s procurement rules and in safeguard requirements are important for an efficient project implementation. For example, retendering of TWB’s first works contract caused significant delays and could have been avoid

Project Number: 42394-022
Project Name: Nuku'alofa Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to prepare meaningful monitoring frameworks with relevant and clearly defined indicators and targets to assess project effectiveness objectively. For example, the service area (Nuku’alofa water supply network or the overall Tongatapu island) to which the baseline data refer to are unclear (footnotes 16 and 17). In addition, the PCR noted that some of the gender indicators were outside of the project’s sphere of influence and could have been better defined.

Project Number: 42394-022
Project Name: Nuku'alofa Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Extending physical completion of works beyond the financial closing of the loan, diminishes ADB’s ability to rigorously monitor and track project progress, safeguards, and technical due diligence.

Project Number: 38254-043
Project Name: MFF - North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program - Tranche 2
Report Date: