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Lesson
The project should focus on a small number of physically integrated components to simplify project administration and optimize intersector linkages.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A complex financing plan causes difficulties in consolidation of expenditures and slow submission of withdrawal applications.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Along with consultations related to subproject design and scope, consultation with project towns on cost recovery, tariffs, and user charges is crucial for sustainability.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Assessment of community attitudes to infrastructure, such as WWTP, should be better assessed at appraisal. For example, a participatory process to identify a feasible WWTP site would have prevented significant delays in the finalization of design and construction.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Entities intended to manage operation and maintenance (O&M) for infrastructure should be established early in the project cycle, and staff trained throughout the implementation period, rather than at the very end. For operational sustainability, a long-term O&M contract could be incorporated into the construction contract for institutions having weak capacity and staff strength.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Priorities for health sector development. One issue with health projects in Viet Nam is that the Ministry of Health (MOH) and the provinces typically give priority to upgrading facilities and staff. Provinces may be less focused on sector reforms and improving outcomes, perhaps as this is not seen as a role of projects, and the results are less understood and tangible. Provinces need to focus more on improving the quality of services and maintaining assets.

Project Number: 30285-013
Project Name: Rural Health Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Monitoring and evaluation. Data were regularly collected, and efforts were made not to create a separate monitoring system but use existing information. However, project monitoring was incomplete and insufficiently used as a management tool to achieve results. Substantive project evaluation was very useful.

Project Number: 30285-013
Project Name: Rural Health Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Lengthy administrative processes. Implementation delays were largely caused by lengthy procurement and financial control procedures at all levels. While the project management unit (PMU) and provincial project management unit (PPMU) capacity was also an issue, the government's administrative procedures were time consuming. ADB administration was considered relatively efficient.

Project Number: 30285-013
Project Name: Rural Health Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Targeting. The project improved services for the poor and had a substantial focus on maternal care but provided less targeted support for ethnic minorities. Several of the interventions for ethnic minorities didn't materialize. The project evaluation study showed that the poor in general and ethnic minorities in particular benefited from the government support for commune health stations (CHSs) and health insurance, while ADB funding provided more general public support. More could have been achieved with better targeting for minorities, assuming MOH concurrence.

Project Number: 30285-013
Project Name: Rural Health Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Piloting reforms. While government ownership of project formulation was strong, proposed pilots were too ambitious given MOH constraints and the lack of detailed plans or technical support. On the other hand, the project flexibly responded to several policy changes and national developments by adjusting its scope, which counterparts appreciated. Demand-led programming improved project impact.

Project Number: 30285-013
Project Name: Rural Health Project
Report Date:
Lesson
There were clear benefits to the involvement of the resident mission in supervision due to closer involvement and understanding of the local environment. In addition, project documents revealed that review missions in the early years of the project were not adequately apprised, by the PMU or consultants, of the seriousness of the project’s problems. The lesson from this is the need for (i) in-depth analysis by missions, and (ii) the establishment of mechanisms for consultants to prepare realistic reports to the PMU and ADB.

Project Number: 31197-013
Project Name: Community-Based Infrastructure Services Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Intensive information campaigns ensure a high degree of community participation in PHC management, sourcing of financing, co-sharing, contributions in kind, and other expressions of support that help to sustain health reform projects.

Project Number: 33036-013
Project Name: Health Sector Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The need for advance recruitment of consultants to assist with planning and review, pre-implementation preparations, and legal support to ensure that project implementation is not delayed.

Project Number: 33036-013
Project Name: Health Sector Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Conducting a comprehensive needs assessment before drawing up civil works and equipment lists, ensure that the right inputs are made in the right places.

Project Number: 33036-013
Project Name: Health Sector Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Rationalization of PHC institutions and provision of adequate health financing should go 'hand in hand'. Thus, the restructuring of health institutions should be accompanied by trained primary health care (PHC) staff, sufficient coverage of PHC facilities, adequate supplies of essential drugs and medical commodities, and health reform;

Project Number: 33036-013
Project Name: Health Sector Reform Project
Report Date: