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Lesson
Better coordination or shared reporting and reliance on government’s own systems would ease the burden of monitoring and reporting the implementation of crisis response programs. Developing an effective reporting and monitoring system during a pandemic is difficult because of competing demands on staff time. This is accentuated when other development partners providing complementary support similarly impose reporting requirements.

Project Number: 54358-001
Project Name: Health Expenditure and Livelihoods Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Changing internal guidance and expectations added significant pressure in designing ADB’s COVID-19 response programs and this has to be managed more effectively in future similar circumstances. ADB was still refining its COVID-19 pandemic response option (CPRO) policy and guidelines when this program was prepared. Managing the changing internal guidelines and expectations added significant pressure.

Project Number: 54358-001
Project Name: Health Expenditure and Livelihoods Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Programs such as this should take a holistic approach to measuring and abating air pollution. Although substantial progress has been made, longer-term policy measures to address the ongoing air quality issue in Mongolia are still needed The increased concentrations of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide show shortcomings in the program’s overall achievements, along with the concentrations of small particulate matter which remain above World Health Organization’s guidelines, necessitating more policy actions.

Project Number: 53028-001
Project Name: Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement
Program and Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement
Program – Phase 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Publication of air quality should be institutionalized to provide a feedback loop to policy makers and to empower the public to assess overall progress. ADB’s participation in the longer-term framework for air pollution abatement will reinforce the feedback and will be an instrument to provide additional assistance that will ensure the continued air pollution reduction in Ulaanbaatar and other urban areas in Mongolia.

Project Number: 53028-001
Project Name: Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement
Program and Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement
Program – Phase 2
Report Date:
Lesson
In designing a substantive and relevant PPPF to extend policy reform support, there is a need to ensure that the scope of the activities included therein reflect the full spectrum of the outcomes identified in the report and recommendation of the President of the program.

Project Number: 51129-002
Project Name: Human Development Enhancement Program
Report Date:
Lesson
When ADB chooses to finance activities in a member country jointly with development partners, it needs to closely monitor their assessment, utilize their database, and build on their knowledge products as appropriate such that development cooperation reports on the mutual synergies and becomes genuinely “finance++”.

Project Number: 51129-002
Project Name: Human Development Enhancement Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Flexibility during implementation enhances program responsiveness. The government made timely adjustments to ensure complementarities between two major assistance programs at the time—the United States’ Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act 2020 that provided unemployment benefits to citizens of Palau and the country’s own Coronavirus Relief One-Stop Shop (CROSS) Act of 2020 that provide relief to the private sector. Funding from the CROSS components with lower uptake were reallocated to those with higher demand.

Project Number: 54245-001
Project Name: Health Expenditure and Livelihoods Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Coordinating or shared reporting and the use of government’s own systems would ease the burden of monitoring and reporting the implementation of crisis response programs. Developing a monitoring system that can be effectively implemented during a pandemic when there are competing demands on the time of staff, who are already stretched, is problematic. This is accentuated when other partners impose similar reporting requirements. Coordinated or shared reporting and reliance on government’s own internal systems would lessen this burden.

Project Number: 54245-001
Project Name: Health Expenditure and Livelihoods Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Changing internal guidance and expectations created additional pressure in designing ADB’s COVID-19 response programs and this has to be managed more effectively in future similar situations. At the time this program was prepared, ADB policy and guidelines on the COVID-19 pandemic response option (CPRO) were still being developed, and managing changing internal guidance and expectations added a significant amount of pressure.

Project Number: 54245-001
Project Name: Health Expenditure and Livelihoods Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Development partners are a great source of assistance in designing and implementing crisis response programs. The program design and implementation benefited greatly from the presence in Palau of the EconMAP team in situ in the Ministry of Finance (MOF), analyzing economic trends and providing regular advice, and the program team’s coordination with the International Monetary Fund and the Pacific Financial Technical Assistance Centre team in Fiji. Given thin capacity in MOF, such support has been invaluable.

Project Number: 54245-001
Project Name: Health Expenditure and Livelihoods Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementation of government’s priorities. Involving the provincial and district levels and strengthening their capacity to identify and address the local needs reflected the government’s Sam Sang initiative, giving provinces and the districts more responsibilities and authorities. The reforms offered an opportunity to effectively apply the new policy, resulting in a strong government support for HSGP. ADB’s capacity-building activities at the provincial level in previous health projects provided useful experience to better target technical support at all levels.

Project Number: 47137-003, 47137-006
Project Name: Health Sector Governance Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Intersector coordination. ADB involvement in the financial sector facilitated dialogue with and support from the MOF and ensured better harmonization of the financial systems from different sectors. This support from one key sector, for instance, reinforced effectiveness of the reforms and is likely to enhance the sustainability of the program.

Project Number: 47137-003, 47137-006
Project Name: Health Sector Governance Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Better data and information. A better use of more accurate data for planning and budgeting by newly trained personnel at the central, provincial, and district levels could have significantly improved allocative efficiency in the health sector, enabling better targeted policies and activities in operational and development plans.

Project Number: 47137-003, 47137-006
Project Name: Health Sector Governance Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Understanding and addressing the needs of all those involved in the sector. The health system requires two types of personnel: (i) health services providers; and (ii) administrative personnel responsible for planning, budgeting, resource allocation, and monitoring. Both need to be involved.

Project Number: 47137-003, 47137-006
Project Name: Health Sector Governance Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The implementation arrangements ensured that the provincial health offices, as implementing agencies, were stakeholders of the reforms. Rather than simply following instructions from the center, the provinces were involved in the program, better understood the reform objectives, and supported the implementation of the HSRS.

Project Number: 47137-003, 47137-006
Project Name: Health Sector Governance Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date: