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Lesson
Public financial management reforms require a long-term perspective to achieve the intended objectives, which are only likely to be achieved gradually.

Project Number: 49041-001, 49041-002
Project Name: Strengthening Public Financial Management Program, Subprogram 1
Report Date:
Lesson
While the reforms were implemented in stages, many key areas were implemented simultaneously and involved the buy-in of many stakeholders, including government line ministries.

Project Number: 49041-001, 49041-002
Project Name: Strengthening Public Financial Management Program, Subprogram 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The use of technical assistance loans should be carefully deliberated to ensure strong and sustained government commitment at the design stage.

Project Number: 49041-001, 49041-002
Project Name: Strengthening Public Financial Management Program, Subprogram 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Some achievements are initial gains which need further deepening and sustaining. These include revenue mobilization; the financial management information system; budget integration, particularly integration and management ofpublic investment management and asset management; and budget transparency and performance accountability.

Project Number: 49041-001, 49041-002
Project Name: Strengthening Public Financial Management Program, Subprogram 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Because of capacity constraints and experiences in legal drafting, legal and regulatory developments require a longer time which future ADB programs need to consider.

Project Number: 49041-001, 49041-002
Project Name: Strengthening Public Financial Management Program, Subprogram 1
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 54156-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Indonesia needs better interoperability among the tiers of its government. In relation to public health, the effectiveness of the government’s initial response to the pandemic was limited by conflicting approaches. The lack of coordination within government; as evidenced particularly by conflicting public messages around social distancing especially in the early stages of the pandemic. These coordination issues were more apparent in the vertical relations between tiers of government than at inter-ministerial levels.

Project Number: 54139-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Stronger coordination between the national and subnational levels is necessary to ensure a coordinated approach to implementation, reporting, and monitoring. More could be done to strengthen vertical and horizontal coordination between the relevant government agencies for improved outcomes.

Project Number: 54195-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to target monitoring at end-state outcomes. Due to the lockdowns and mobility restrictions; early difficulty in the speed of PEN disbursements was unavoidable. Although the government recognized the need for urgent rollout; poor infrastructure raised the risk of leakage through corruption and led to a slower and more cautious approach than would otherwise have been optimal. A lesson to be drawn from the experience involves the need to target monitoring activities at end-state outcomes.

Project Number: 54139-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Lessons from impact assessments undertaken by the government need to be explored for possible replication or application in future crisis response operations. In addition to monitoring of program expenditures; the government conducted its own assessment of program results; such as the social impact of cash transfer programs on affected people.

Project Number: 54177-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to digitalize government services in times of crisis. This effort is best pursued through collaboration with the private sector in Indonesia. The collaboration can strengthen the country's defense against future outbreaks and improve the targeting of social assistance. Digitalization including ithe financial sector should remain a focal point of ADB’s policy dialogue with Indonesia.

Project Number: 54139-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Data collection, which took longer than anticipated under the CARES program, need to be expedited in future emergency responses. Data collection challenges experienced under CARES included (i) competing priorities, (ii) need to cover many different agencies, and (iii) need to collect data remotely. In some cases, the same dataset was collected from multiple sources and agencies, necessitating cross checking and verification and requiring considerable time and resources.

Project Number: 54195-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The urgency of the lending produced outcomes that, while unavoidable, are nevertheless instructive. For example, target setting was difficult because the contours of the pandemic were fluid. Liaising with the government was also challenging. The timeline for initial response was tight, and ADB worked with a small number of government teams in the interest of speed. This concentrated approach to planning was complicated by the pandemic affecting government officials’ health and well-being personally.

Project Number: 54139-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The COVID-19 pandemic experience provided the government an opportunity to develop its approach to monitoring and reporting. During the loan period; ADB supported the executing agency in the quarterly monitoring of expenditures under the government’s emergency loans. This was appreciated by the government and because it provided the only English-language summary of government expenditure under the two emergency decrees, the quarterly monitoring was continued at government’s request even after loan closure.

Project Number: 54177-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
An integrated approach to sustainable recovery is necessary to enhance the development impact of the CARES program. While the CPRO’s primary purpose was to deliver emergency assistance to support the government’s pandemic response, it also supported overall measures to keep the government on track in pursuing structural reforms that would enable a sustainable recovery from the pandemic. Such measures cohere around an integrated approach to meet Cambodia’s medium- and long-term recovery needs, including an improved investment environment and sound fiscal governance.

Project Number: 54195-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date: