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CSV
Lesson
Lessons learned indicate the need for (i) detailed project formulation during the project preparatory stage, (ii) adoption of simple and affordable technologies in construction and facility improvements, and (iii) parallel provision of institutional development and training during project implementation. It is vital that relevant institutions and beneficiaries at the local level are fully involved in all stages of project preparation, design and construction.

Project Number: 31243-013
Project Name: Integrated Development of Basic Urban Services in Provincial Towns Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The issue of tariffs is complicated by (i) the high cost of servicing in some areas, particularly the ger area settlements; and (ii) the government's willingness to subsidize service tariffs. The project supported a dialogue between ADB and the government around urban service reform, tariff issues, the application and targeting of government subsidies, and the development of more transparent, efficient and equitable mechanisms for directing such subsidies in public services.

Project Number: 31243-013
Project Name: Integrated Development of Basic Urban Services in Provincial Towns Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project had only limited, uneven success in raising tariffs, resulting in underfunding of operation and maintenance (O&M). This raises the need for wider institutional and policy reform. The support of ADB and other development partners has focused on helping the government to rebuild assets but has placed less emphasis on building the institutions and systems required to ensure these assets are maintained and used efficiently.

Project Number: 31243-013
Project Name: Integrated Development of Basic Urban Services in Provincial Towns Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Institutional weakness has been a key constraint to timely and efficient project execution and to long-term sustainability of newly created assets. Local capacity constraints were exacerbated by a centralized system of governance, management and decision making. Local infrastructure investments remain largely at the discretion of the central government and local officials lack the budgetary and human resources or skills to maintain assets and to effectively respond to the constituents' needs. The incentives and resources for local governments to strengthen services are limited.

Project Number: 31243-013
Project Name: Integrated Development of Basic Urban Services in Provincial Towns Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Certain lessons have already been incorporated in The Southeast Gobi project, which was approved in April 2010. In contrast with L1907, aimags have primary responsibility for the design and construction of infrastructure, including procurement and oversight of construction supervision. Design and build contracts aim to avoid technical problems at the design stage and shorten the period required for completion of works.

Project Number: 31243-013
Project Name: Integrated Development of Basic Urban Services in Provincial Towns Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Lower-cost technologies have significant potential to improve public health. The very high cost of servicing small and isolated towns in PNG through reticulated WSS systems means that lower-cost alternatives should be considered. Water prices have risen and will rise further with the Independent Consumer and Competition Commission's (ICCC) regulatory contract with the Waterboard. This improves the commercial environment for the Waterboard, which it may be able to exploit if it can provide improved services more efficiently.

Project Number: 31467-013
Project Name: Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Targeting poor families with grant funds and low-cost technology makes good sense. The low cost sanitation and community awareness and health education (LC-CAHE) component was the most successful part of the project, despite cost overruns and reduced impact compared with the original targets. It combined low-cost infrastructure improvements with vitally needed information to improve awareness and understanding of the need for greater cleanliness and modern sanitation to improve public health. It also involved working with poor communities in a participatory manner to build commitment.

Project Number: 31467-013
Project Name: Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Only priority sites should be surveyed at project design. Identifying a short list, not a long list, of priority sites before PPTA starts is good practice. Frequently, executing agencies in Papua New Guinea (PNG) do not identify priority sites or undertake preliminary analysis, citing their lack of preparatory budgets or skills. This does not foster ownership and passes on responsibility to consultants. In this case, PPTA consultants were asked to survey 12 provincial towns, out of which only 2 were ultimately developed.

Project Number: 31467-013
Project Name: Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate project design undermines project implementation. Good project design is a basic requirement for project success, and inadequate design can prevent project success. In this case, design did not demonstrate adequate technical understanding of the availability of suitable water or the feasibility of its use for water supply and sanitation (WSS) projects in four of the six provincial towns.

Project Number: 31467-013
Project Name: Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 35068-013
Project Name: Gujarat Earthquake Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Because the government had already purchased most of the housing prior to ADB loan approval, it could not be financed by the loan. ADB funds were therefore directed toward facilities. If ADB had not been involved in the project, the host communities would have received these community facilities much later and they would probably have been of a lower quality.

Project Number: 30308-013
Project Name: Pasig River Environmental Management and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The technical assistance contributed substantially to achieving the policy reforms envisaged under the policy loan, but longer-term and more focused assistance will be required since: (i) as a new agency, the PRRC has limited capacity to drive policy reforms; (ii) policy change requires skills, effective institutional incentives and culture change; (iii) the program is ambitious and multi-faceted, encompassing a wide range of stakeholders with a variety of interests, not necessarily linked to the policy agenda.

Project Number: 30308-013
Project Name: Pasig River Environmental Management and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The program assumed that by implementing the policy framework the government would have the tools and capacity to implement the full Pasig River Development Plan (PRDP), leading to the overall objective of improving the Pasig River water quality to class C level by 2014. However, the outputs of the policy loan covered only part of the implementation activities of the PRDP, and therefore it should have been clear from the start that the overall objective was not attainable.

Project Number: 30308-013
Project Name: Pasig River Environmental Management and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The program required the cooperation of a large number of government agencies, while responsibility for implementation was given to the newly established Pasig River Rehabilitation Commission, without a well-established mandate or political influence. Without high-level political support, coordination became difficult and program outcomes were not achieved. When the responsibility for project implementation was delegated to sector agencies, it became more effective.

Project Number: 30308-013
Project Name: Pasig River Environmental Management and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The program was overly ambitious in its scope and in its implementation structure. Only after modification of the scope and implementation arrangements was progress made. This could have been avoided, had a proper risk assessment and risk mitigation plan been prepared, based on the lessons learned from the previous program. Although the Pasig River Development Plan provided a good framework for the implementation of environmental improvement projects, more and longer-term assistance is required to establish the institutional setting for its effective implementation.

Project Number: 30308-013
Project Name: Pasig River Environmental Management and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program
Report Date:
CSV