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Lesson
Not considering adequate funding options and provisions for operations and maintenance (O&M) during the design phase can lead to sustainability issues after project completion. It is critical that a systematic plan for O&M design and measures are developed at the outset, considering the agencies' financial capabilities and attendant risks such as low levels of tariff rates.

Project Number: 43405-023
Project Name: Urban Services Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Assessment of potential political risks such as a change in government and identifying mitigation measures could help ensure the continuity of planned project activities, specifically when there is strong support, ownership, and commitment of an agency. In particular, it is important to consider the speed and direction of change in the policy regime. For example, a shift in the government priorities could trigger resource allocation that could potentially affect how a project could deliver its intended development results.

Project Number: 43405-023
Project Name: Urban Services Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
A more nuanced iteration of the project design and monitoring framework (DMF) i.e., accurately differentiating outcome and output indicators, would be beneficial to facilitate better project results assessments. As observed by this validation, impact, outcome, and output statements in the DMF were vague and similar, and did not provide sufficient guidance to focus performance targets that would have provided better evidence for achieving the goals of the impact, outcome, and output statements.

Project Number: 45507-003
Project Name: Yunnan Chuxiong Urban Environment Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sound identification and valuation of costs and benefits in the economic analysis can provide more realistic economic internal rates of return (EIRRs) to indicate a more accurate state of project viability. The economic analysis in the RRP and PCR underestimated the value of the project outputs, particularly the economic benefits of the solid waste management component, which led to a low EIRR. Willingness-to-pay $2 per month for solid waste removal seems too low and unreasonable considering the substantial health and environmental benefits that such removal likely provides.

Project Number: 45507-003
Project Name: Yunnan Chuxiong Urban Environment Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Potential problems with funding the maintenance of completed subprojects and/or facilities arise when they highly rely on government budgetary allocations that may or may not materialize in the short- and medium-terms. This can lead to poor periodic maintenance, especially for road routine maintenance. In future projects, consideration could be given to performance-based road maintenance contracts where a period of maintenance is included (e.g., 5 years after completion) in the contracts.

Project Number: 43319-022
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion East-West Economic Corridor Towns Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
With the project's investment in improving wastewater treatment, solid waste management and recycling, an opportunity arose to establish and impose full cost recovery tariffs and charges for these activities. Appropriate tariff studies could have been undertaken and with recommendations for replication in other towns.

Project Number: 43319-022
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion East-West Economic Corridor Towns Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Extensive consultations with government and stakeholders, including ger visits, surveys, and meetings, help in developing better project design. Involving the stakeholders at design stage up to implementation, and establishment of community groups in this project contributed substantially to its success. Specifically, the buy-in of stakeholders is critically important when the project involves introduction of new technology, innovative approaches, and pilot programs.

Project Number: 49113-001
Project Name: Managing Soil Pollution in Ger Areas through Improved On-site Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A clear and well-defined operation and maintenance (O&M) mechanism established at an early stage of implementation strengthens the sustainability of on-site sanitation facilities piloted by the project. Hand-over of these facilities to community groups equipped with O&M manuals increases ownership and value to the wider public on the viability of the introduced technology.

Project Number: 49113-001
Project Name: Managing Soil Pollution in Ger Areas through Improved On-site Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A comprehensive master plan combined with arrangements that put the upstream catchment management and lake management under single administrations can deliver lasting results.

Project Number: 44036-013
Project Name: Anhui Chao Lake Environmental Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Investments with innovative design elements should include monitoring systems that can capture how these innovations have performed for wider dissemination and upscaling. Tackling nonpoint source (NPS) pollution through wetland construction and eco-compensation represents real innovation; however, the project completion report could have better outlined how these approaches worked in practice.

Project Number: 44036-013
Project Name: Anhui Chao Lake Environmental Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Focusing projects on a few, contiguous areas can facilitate cross-learning thereby improving implementation and heightening impacts. The project was implemented in four aimag centers selected by the executing agency which are not geographically close. It could have been more beneficial if the project were implemented in neighboring aimags to allow the beneficiaries to learn from one another and observe spillover effects of project activities.

Project Number: 52303-001
Project Name: Managing Solid Waste in Secondary Cities
Report Date:
Lesson
Piloting is important to establish the viability and sustainability of novel methologies and approaches. The implementation of pilot schemes for innovative and participatory waste reuse and recycling approaches helped assess the viability and sustainability of the proposed solutions before suggesting these approaches for rollout on a larger scale. The outcomes of the schemes have demonstrated that recyclable waste can be processed community groups and small businesses and put into economic circulation, which leads to th3 generation of new jobs and income.

Project Number: 52303-001
Project Name: Managing Solid Waste in Secondary Cities
Report Date:
Lesson
Use of existing project management units (PMUs) in the executing agency enables timely start and implementation. The project largely benefited from the use of the executing agency's existing PMU, which was actively involved in grant processing and in facilitating grant approval and ratification by the central and provincial governments. The PMU professionally handled the advance contracting action for the selection of a detailed engineering and design consultant, which was mobilized within 1.5 months of grant effectiveness.

Project Number: 52303-001
Project Name: Managing Solid Waste in Secondary Cities
Report Date:
Lesson
Early engagement with stakeholders and design of subsidy programs responsive to the needs of vulnerable groups could expedite the implementation of complex policy reforms. The success of this program highlights the importance of the government's continuing commitment in improving the performance and sustainability of the Palau Public Utilities Corporation.

Project Number: 54151-001, 54151-003
Project Name: Palau Public Utilities Corporation Reform Program 
Report Date:
Lesson
Continued advisory support is required to sustain the momentum of reforms in Palau's energy sector. ADB provided substantial advisory support through ADB staff and by engaging experts through technical assistance operations to help the Palau Public Utilities Corporation (PPUC) implement the agreed policy actions and prepare background studies for both subprograms.

Project Number: 54151-001, 54151-003
Project Name: Palau Public Utilities Corporation Reform Program 
Report Date: