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Lesson
A systematic review of the states' or subnational governments' procurement capacities, backed by an adequate assessment of the market conditions, is crucial to avoid procurement delays. Particular attention should also be given to understanding and navigating the complexities of governance procedures and other aspects of the institutional arrangements that could deter timely decision-making and procurement.

Project Number: 35290–013, 35290–043
Project Name: North Eastern Region Capital Cities Development Investment Program (Tranche 3 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
The involvement of well-trained self-help groups (SHGs), particularly comprising women, could help improve water bill collection as well as provide opportunities for job creation and women's empowerment. This was showcased by a good practice model established in Agartala. The model involved identifying capable women in the community, training them, and deploying them to cascade the training and establish a dedicated team on the ground.

Project Number: 35290–013, 35290–043
Project Name: North Eastern Region Capital Cities Development Investment Program (Tranche 3 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Specific attributes of the internal and external environments that could impact project Implementation need to be carefully considered and addressed in project design. For example, the construction of the water treatment plant in one site (Aizawl) faced challenges because of the involvement of multiple agencies, difficult terrain, and an environment prone to natural disasters. The project’s complexity warranted meticulous planning. The Completion and commissioning of the construction works should have been complemented by a public awareness campaign.

Project Number: 35290–013, 35290–043
Project Name: North Eastern Region Capital Cities Development Investment Program (Tranche 3 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementation of adjustments/updates to the project scope, e.g., the gender targets of this program, needs to be closely monitored by the project management office to prevent further setbacks/shortfalls and ensure attainment of updated targets set in p[ace by midterm reviews .

Project Number: 35290–013, 35290–043
Project Name: North Eastern Region Capital Cities Development Investment Program (Tranche 3 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Extensive consultations with government and stakeholders, including ger visits, surveys, and meetings, help in developing better project design. Involving the stakeholders at design stage up to implementation, and establishment of community groups in this project contributed substantially to its success. Specifically, the buy-in of stakeholders is critically important when the project involves introduction of new technology, innovative approaches, and pilot programs.

Project Number: 49113-001
Project Name: Managing Soil Pollution in Ger Areas through Improved On-site Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A clear and well-defined operation and maintenance (O&M) mechanism established at an early stage of implementation strengthens the sustainability of on-site sanitation facilities piloted by the project. Hand-over of these facilities to community groups equipped with O&M manuals increases ownership and value to the wider public on the viability of the introduced technology.

Project Number: 49113-001
Project Name: Managing Soil Pollution in Ger Areas through Improved On-site Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A comprehensive master plan combined with arrangements that put the upstream catchment management and lake management under single administrations can deliver lasting results.

Project Number: 44036-013
Project Name: Anhui Chao Lake Environmental Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Investments with innovative design elements should include monitoring systems that can capture how these innovations have performed for wider dissemination and upscaling. Tackling nonpoint source (NPS) pollution through wetland construction and eco-compensation represents real innovation; however, the project completion report could have better outlined how these approaches worked in practice.

Project Number: 44036-013
Project Name: Anhui Chao Lake Environmental Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Use of existing project management units (PMUs) in the executing agency enables timely start and implementation. The project largely benefited from the use of the executing agency's existing PMU, which was actively involved in grant processing and in facilitating grant approval and ratification by the central and provincial governments. The PMU professionally handled the advance contracting action for the selection of a detailed engineering and design consultant, which was mobilized within 1.5 months of grant effectiveness.

Project Number: 52303-001
Project Name: Managing Solid Waste in Secondary Cities
Report Date:
Lesson
Focusing projects on a few, contiguous areas can facilitate cross-learning thereby improving implementation and heightening impacts. The project was implemented in four aimag centers selected by the executing agency which are not geographically close. It could have been more beneficial if the project were implemented in neighboring aimags to allow the beneficiaries to learn from one another and observe spillover effects of project activities.

Project Number: 52303-001
Project Name: Managing Solid Waste in Secondary Cities
Report Date:
Lesson
Piloting is important to establish the viability and sustainability of novel methologies and approaches. The implementation of pilot schemes for innovative and participatory waste reuse and recycling approaches helped assess the viability and sustainability of the proposed solutions before suggesting these approaches for rollout on a larger scale. The outcomes of the schemes have demonstrated that recyclable waste can be processed community groups and small businesses and put into economic circulation, which leads to th3 generation of new jobs and income.

Project Number: 52303-001
Project Name: Managing Solid Waste in Secondary Cities
Report Date:
Lesson
Early engagement with stakeholders and design of subsidy programs responsive to the needs of vulnerable groups could expedite the implementation of complex policy reforms. The success of this program highlights the importance of the government's continuing commitment in improving the performance and sustainability of the Palau Public Utilities Corporation.

Project Number: 54151-001, 54151-003
Project Name: Palau Public Utilities Corporation Reform Program 
Report Date:
Lesson
Continued advisory support is required to sustain the momentum of reforms in Palau's energy sector. ADB provided substantial advisory support through ADB staff and by engaging experts through technical assistance operations to help the Palau Public Utilities Corporation (PPUC) implement the agreed policy actions and prepare background studies for both subprograms.

Project Number: 54151-001, 54151-003
Project Name: Palau Public Utilities Corporation Reform Program 
Report Date:
Lesson
A unified bill covering both water supply and sanitation services provides a practical approach to improving the revenue stream for wastewater management. Compared to water supply; it is often harder to collect tariffs for wastewater management services. The local water supply company in Medan; the capital city of the North Sumatra province; has provided a practical solution to this by installing a unified billing system for water supply and wastewater management services.

Project Number: 39071-013
Project Name: Metropolitan Sanitation Management and Health Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A narrow sector and geographic focus is more suitable for projects in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). In FSM, multistate and multisector projects bring added complexity and interdependence between institutions that do not otherwise have incentives to support each other. Future projects should consider a narrower focus in terms of sector and geographic scope, allowing for less dispersed efforts on physical and nonphysical project targets. This approach has been adopted for the ongoing Chuuk Water Supply and Sanitation Project.

Project Number: 35448-013
Project Name: Omnibus Infrastructure Development Project
Report Date: