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Lesson
Launching a complex project through the Department of Wildlife Conservation (DWC), a small organization faced with structural reform, was overambitious. A two-phased approach (phase 1: capacity- building and restructuring; phase 2: implementation) would have been more appropriate.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The outreach program was made more sustainable by being implemented by the executing agency's own staff than it would have been by recruiting outside NGOs, who would have left when the project closed.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Regular review and updating of the project framework would have aided monitoring and evaluation.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Introducing large numbers of technical assistance (TA) consultants into the DWC that was understaffed resulted in inefficient use of consultancy expertise.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A formal monitoring system should have been established by the DWC at the start of the project.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Higher proportion of the budget should be attributed to nonstructural aspects, and these should be more closely monitored. It may be noted that the review missions, as typified by the midterm and the final reviews, have regarded these nonstructural measures as having been achieved, without looking beyond the simple passing of regulations.

Project Number: 35081-013
Project Name: Flood Mitigation Project [Loan 2068-AZE]
Report Date:
Lesson
This validation concurs with these but notes that the lesson regarding policy reform failed to emphasize the need for all parties, particularly those at the provincial and district levels, to be fully committed to the reform agenda. Support for reform at the central level is not enough.

Project Number: 31577-013
Project Name: Grain Productivity Improvement Project [Loan 2017-UZB]
Report Date:
Lesson
Women's Market Section (WMS). The project made an effort to include WMSs in all market developments to bring women more into the mainstream of the rural economy. However, women in some areas are conservative and not willing to run shops side-by-side with men. WMSs should only be included in market developments where project appraisal indicates that women are interested and available to participate in running the facilities; otherwise, the resources can be used elsewhere.

Project Number: 31304-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A unit to provide technical support to WUSCs should be established in an early stage of the project, and the staff of WUSCs should be trained throughout the project implementation period, rather than just at the end. ADB should be more involved in ensuring that appropriate mechanisms for providing technical support are in place and that the unit's capacity is strengthened. Five regional technical support centers were established very late in the project, and only one center was staffed by two people, who do not know how to operate some of the equipment.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Better linkage between health outcomes and WSS outputs should be promoted in WSS projects by including sanitation, hygiene, and health promotion activities in project design.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Monitoring of production-related activities. A wide range of production activities were financed under the project new woodlots, the maintenance of old woodlots, clear-felling, and the replanting of mature plantations, for example. Detailed physical and financial information was not maintained at the individual enterprise level, however. This would have been best collected through regular stock assessments to estimate growth rates more clearly. The resulting information would have been valuable in two ways.

Project Number: 30215-013
Project Name: Forest Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Drinking Water in Market Developments. The project has installed on a pilot basis a low-cost piped water supply system for drinking purposes at Haibatpur Growth Center in Jessore district, which is an arsenic-affected area. A water management committee within the market management committee (MMC) is managing the operation and maintenance of the system, and collects user fees. This approach to the supply of low-cost water in a growth center market (GCM) has proven to be feasible and may be replicated in future projects, while taking its shortcomings into account.

Project Number: 31304-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In community-based projects, water user and sanitation committees (WUSCs) can act as reliable facilitators between the project and beneficiaries. The participation of local communities during both design and implementation is crucial for project sustainability and effective project implementation.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Subproject Appraisal Reports. Since SARs were prepared for each upazila, 96 SARs were produced. This was a huge and time consuming task that took almost two years to complete. It is recommended that future projects should produce SARs on the basis of districts or regions rather than upazila. This concept would have reduced the number of reports to 16 if prepared on a district basis or 2 if prepared on a regional basis.

Project Number: 31304-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Community organizations require continued support during and after the transition to the post-construction period to ensure the sustainability of water supply facilities. Capacity development needs to cover not only the technical aspects of operation and maintenance (O&M) but also financial management, water demand management through public awareness campaigns, and the protection of water sources including water conservation.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date: