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Lesson
A capacity-development program for beneficiaries needs to be well planned and implemented in accordance with the project implementation schedule and progress. A monitoring mechanism to measure the effectiveness of the capacity development programs needs to be established.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Better linkage between health outcomes and WSS outputs should be promoted in WSS projects by including sanitation, hygiene, and health promotion activities in project design.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Monitoring of production-related activities. A wide range of production activities were financed under the project new woodlots, the maintenance of old woodlots, clear-felling, and the replanting of mature plantations, for example. Detailed physical and financial information was not maintained at the individual enterprise level, however. This would have been best collected through regular stock assessments to estimate growth rates more clearly. The resulting information would have been valuable in two ways.

Project Number: 30215-013
Project Name: Forest Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Drinking Water in Market Developments. The project has installed on a pilot basis a low-cost piped water supply system for drinking purposes at Haibatpur Growth Center in Jessore district, which is an arsenic-affected area. A water management committee within the market management committee (MMC) is managing the operation and maintenance of the system, and collects user fees. This approach to the supply of low-cost water in a growth center market (GCM) has proven to be feasible and may be replicated in future projects, while taking its shortcomings into account.

Project Number: 31304-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Team leader inputs should be adequately provisioned in engineering and design consultant contracts to ensure timely technical support and advice for town projects to facilitate timely decisions.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In community-based projects, water user and sanitation committees (WUSCs) can act as reliable facilitators between the project and beneficiaries. The participation of local communities during both design and implementation is crucial for project sustainability and effective project implementation.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Subproject Appraisal Reports. Since SARs were prepared for each upazila, 96 SARs were produced. This was a huge and time consuming task that took almost two years to complete. It is recommended that future projects should produce SARs on the basis of districts or regions rather than upazila. This concept would have reduced the number of reports to 16 if prepared on a district basis or 2 if prepared on a regional basis.

Project Number: 31304-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A unit to provide technical support to WUSCs should be established in an early stage of the project, and the staff of WUSCs should be trained throughout the project implementation period, rather than just at the end. ADB should be more involved in ensuring that appropriate mechanisms for providing technical support are in place and that the unit's capacity is strengthened. Five regional technical support centers were established very late in the project, and only one center was staffed by two people, who do not know how to operate some of the equipment.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Community organizations require continued support during and after the transition to the post-construction period to ensure the sustainability of water supply facilities. Capacity development needs to cover not only the technical aspects of operation and maintenance (O&M) but also financial management, water demand management through public awareness campaigns, and the protection of water sources including water conservation.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The ability of NGOs and the private sector to make a real contribution to extension services depend on their technical and institutional capacity, and this should be taken into account as a basis for selection. Such a lesson implies that other factors were used as the basis for selection. It also stipulated a requirement for orientation of these organizations, implying that this was not done. This introduces concern as to how successful NGOs and private sector providers actually were.

Project Number: 30228-013
Project Name: Crop Diversification Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The need for ADB to either be more rigorous in enforcing conditions for release of funds, or to have the flexibility to alter release conditions during the course of the program when it becomes obvious that the conditions cannot be genuinely met or are evidently irrelevant to the objectives.

Project Number: 33173-013, 33173-023
Project Name: Agriculture Sector Program II
Report Date:
Lesson
Overall, the project outcome appears successful. However, an important opportunity was missed. The project did not establish a recognized baseline with pre- and post-project comparisons to demonstrate to ADB, the government, and key stakeholders the natural resource management, environmental, community, and economic benefits. It would have been possible to provide well-documented evidence that the project had achieved its primary goal.

Project Number: 33418-013
Project Name: Tonle Sap Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Alternative livelihood programs, while functioning satisfactorily, were focused on individual households, with little built-in capacity for extension. Small-scale livelihood activities must be appropriate to the situation. TSEMP has shown that the most successful small-scale activities are those that people themselves can sustain, given their income, time, and material constraints. Training is a necessary part of livelihood work, particularly if the participants have no previous experience.

Project Number: 33418-013
Project Name: Tonle Sap Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Cross-ministerial implementation of projects brings complications beyond just day-to-day technical issues. Experience shows this to have been the case with other projects. The Tonle Sap Environmental Management Project (TSEMP) experienced many delays caused by having to obtaining agreement and approval across departments.

Project Number: 33418-013
Project Name: Tonle Sap Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project can point to the setting up of community fisheries organizations (CFOs) and the empowerment of local communities as huge successes in the short and medium term. However, in the long term, the CFOs may come under considerable pressure from outside interests without technical and moral support from the Fisheries Administration (FiA) provincial teams in the field.

Project Number: 33418-013
Project Name: Tonle Sap Environmental Management Project
Report Date: