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Lesson
Dialogue is necessary so that studies and policies can be structured to comply with the government’s requirements. Had this been done during the design stage, the urban public transport promotion policy proposed under the project would not have been rejected.

Project Number: 49232-001
Project Name: Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Air Quality Improvement– Hebei Policy Reforms Program
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to perform technical and economic due diligence and feasibility before policy actions are recommended and implemented.

Project Number: 49232-001
Project Name: Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Air Quality Improvement– Hebei Policy Reforms Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Policy action recommendations need to be backed by adequate technical and economic due diligence, including feasibility studies.

Project Number: 49232-001
Project Name: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Air Quality Improvement-Hebei Policy Reforms Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A realistic policy framework with manageable policy actions is needed to implement air quality reforms.

Project Number: 49232-001
Project Name: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Air Quality Improvement-Hebei Policy Reforms Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Strong commitment and coordination among development partners make the attainment of policy reforms more feasible.

Project Number: 49232-001
Project Name: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Air Quality Improvement-Hebei Policy Reforms Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Sustained engagement is important in undertaking policy reforms that may take many years to implement.

Project Number: 49232-001
Project Name: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Air Quality Improvement-Hebei Policy Reforms Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Dialoguing to better understand existing regulations and policies is vital to ensuring project compliance with government requirements.

Project Number: 49232-001
Project Name: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Air Quality Improvement-Hebei Policy Reforms Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The integrated approach to disaster recovery operations beyond infrastructure restoration to also include activities directed at restoring livelihood and improving the resilience of infrastructure and economic activity to disasters.

Project Number: 39631-013
Project Name: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Enhance transparency for effective oversight. The government-established ERRA Council, headed by the prime minister, consists of independent and reputable individuals from civil society in the affected regions. The council followed the reconstruction process and reviewed and reported regularly to the general public on its progress and outcomes, developing a sense of ownership. Independent oversight, involving representatives of civil society disseminating information to key constituents, promoted transparency and enhanced the credibility of the host government.

Project Number: 39631-013
Project Name: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Articulate policies, strategy, and standards early. The local populations and nongovernment organizations (NGOs) started reconstruction work well before provincial and federal governments started articulating their responses. Expectations rose, and some facilities, especially in health, were built by bilateral donors to standards that were much higher than the capacity of the line agencies to maintain them. This resulted in inconsistencies, violations of policies and standards developed for reconstruction work, and unsustainable operation of completed facilities.

Project Number: 39631-013
Project Name: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Clarify roles and respect existing mandates. Initial delays in implementation of the project were caused by confusion about the roles of new and existing institutions. Any large- scale reconstruction operation requires clear delineation of the mandates of levels of government, to provide the structure and clarity required for all stakeholders to work with maximum efficiency. To the extent possible, the provincial and regional governments and federal agencies should be provided with capacity to perform their mandated roles.

Project Number: 39631-013
Project Name: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Have a dedicated lead institution. The dedicated federal (Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority or ERRA) and provincial reconstruction authorities led the overall coordination and monitoring, and facilitated procedures, policies, and strategies for reconstruction. This arrangement allowed efficient and transparent reconstruction, and established the government's commitment to and credibility in mobilizing resources.

Project Number: 39631-013
Project Name: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Institutionalize - fast-tracking - and flexibility. The technical assistance (TA) attached to the project allowed flexible responses to diverse capacity gaps, and fast-tracked procurement and disbursement, and the implementation of the safeguards policy. The flexibilities allowed under the emergency policy reduced procurement time and enabled efficient mobilization of resources.

Project Number: 39631-013
Project Name: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The focus of the EA and PSU was on implementation of the policy matrix. Considerably less importance was given to the loan covenants. The PSU indicated that it would have recruited local support groups if it had been a condition in the policy matrix; however, since it was not a tranche condition, the PSU did not feel compelled to comply. This was also the case with covenants related to social sector expenditures and conditional grants, which were key covenants for ensuring improved social sector performance.

Project Number: 32264-013
Project Name: Punjab Devolved Social Services Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The implementation efficiency of the program was constrained by the late recruitment of the Technical Assistance Management Agency (TAMA), and the lack of recruitment of local support groups. The TAMA was meant to mobilize about 4,000 person-months of consulting services. The local support groups were expected to be mobilized in each district for 3 years to enhance capacity. For the majority of program implementation, these tasks became the responsibility of ADB and the program support unit (PSU), albeit with insufficient resources, which negatively affected implementation efficiency.

Project Number: 32264-013
Project Name: Punjab Devolved Social Services Program
Report Date: