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Lesson
Loan size determination. The projected budgetary financing requirement provides the rational for determining the loan size for budget support attached to a policy reform agenda, and it rests on unfunded fiscal �adjustment� costs of reform, including both recurrent and capital expenditures.

Project Number: 43496-013
Project Name: Social Services Delivery Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Available evidence on using resource centers for extending professional support and services to the teachers shows it has not been very effective. The current structure of the resource centers needs to be reconceptualized with increased capacity under the School Sector Reform Program.

Project Number: 32236-013
Project Name: Teacher Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Although the public-private participation approach is an efficient way to implement project activities, the effectiveness will largely depend on close follow-up monitoring and strict adherence to the selection criteria. The in-service training provided by alternative training providers was ranked low as compared to the training provided by primary teacher training centers (PTTCs) and secondary education development units.

Project Number: 32236-013
Project Name: Teacher Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 34513-013
Project Name: Post-Conflict Emergency Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Weak capacity of project staff results in procedural lapses, possible violations of the loan agreement, and slow implementation. Moreover, stringent internal audit controls and close monitoring of expenditures bring more transparency in financial transactions.

Project Number: 36654-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (Balochistan)
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate review by ADB of the Planning Commission form 1 (PC-1) and inconsistencies between the PC-1 and the report and recommendation of the President (RRP) slow down project implementation. To ensure a thorough review of the PC-1 by ADB, the project officer should be required to prepare a comparative statement identifying both the similarities and differences between the PC-1 and the RRP and loan agreement, and the Planning and Development Department (PDD) should be advised on corrective measures before the loan is declared effective.

Project Number: 36654-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (Balochistan)
Report Date:
Lesson
In provincial projects, it is important to clarify the sector reforms that can be authorized at the provincial level. A number of the proposed reforms, such as the competency-based training (CBT) and on-the-job training, required changes in the curriculum, which fell under federal purview.

Project Number: 36654-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (Balochistan)
Report Date:
Lesson
Before a complex and innovative technical education and vocational training (TEVT) project is designed, particularly in a relatively less developed region like Balochistan, it is necessary to have extensive consultations with stakeholders directly involved with the TEVT system to develop realistic objectives and activities.

Project Number: 36654-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (Balochistan)
Report Date:
Lesson
Given the weak capacity of the executing and implementing agencies, consultants should have been recruited before loan effectiveness. Had the consulting services been available, the project would most likely have achieved at least some of its objectives.

Project Number: 36654-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (Balochistan)
Report Date:
Lesson
A well-thought-out conceptual design is a key to the success of any project. In this case, the project design had commendable objectives, but it overestimated the commitment and capacity of the executing and implementing agencies, and relied too heavily on consultants.

Project Number: 36654-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (Balochistan)
Report Date:
Lesson
Frequent changes in project administration at ADB caused confusion and had a negative effect on project implementation. During the project, administration moved from the South Asia Department to the Central and West Asia Department, and from the Social Sector Division, via the Governance and Finance Division, to the Pakistan Resident Mission.

Project Number: 36654-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (Balochistan)
Report Date:
Lesson
The policy loan, being the first to be implemented, should have been more selective in the policy interventions and implemented these in a phased manner. This could have avoided the delays encountered during the program implementation.

Project Number: 34160-013
Project Name: Education Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Taking into account issues related to sustainability, it is apparent that the project outcomes can be sustained if the government allocates adequate funds and resources for operation and maintenance based on a rigorous and transparent planning regime.

Project Number: 37680-013
Project Name: Emergency Rehabilitation Project [Loan 2045-KGZ]
Report Date:
Lesson
The key lesson relates to the core of financing function, i.e., sound cost estimates and adequate financing of an investible project. As the PCR states “ADB needs to take a more conservative approach in project design and should not include cofinancing for project scoping and costing. In the event of a cofinancier’s withdrawal from the project, the related funding should have been covered by ADB…” ADB should have been more firm about the project implementation arrangements.

Project Number: 28161-013
Project Name: Postsecondary Education Development Project [Loan 1637-MLD]
Report Date:
Lesson
Emergency projects such as this one tend to be difficult to administer and implement and difficult for ADB to properly guide and oversee. This is because speed is of the essence to restore normal activity, and subprojects tend to be spread over large geographical areas. As such, ADB has to depend not only on review mission diligence but also on consultants and the government agencies involved. ADB’s procedures, while fully adequate for non-emergency projects, tend to slow the implementation of emergency projects such as this one, so due diligence is sometimes truncated.

Project Number: 37680-013
Project Name: Emergency Rehabilitation Project [Loan 2045-KGZ]
Report Date: