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Lesson
A strong sector development program (policy and investment) entails a design that properly links and demarcates expected impacts, outcomes, and outputs. The Power Sector Development Program (PSDP) failed to coherently set out the objectives between its policy and investment components. Consequently, the lack of clarity between the two components in the PSDP framework contributed to the sector program's underperformance and poor design made it difficult to evaluate.

Project Number: 30207-013, 30207-023
Project Name: Power Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Future projects designed to address rural gravel road maintenance issues need to be more carefully designed through (i) identification of project roads during appraisal; (ii) identification of suitable gravel sources in proximity of the project roads; and (iii) prior commitment from each pradeshiya sabha to participate in the project, including prior establishment and commitment of funds to a road maintenance account.

Project Number: 31282-013
Project Name: Southern Province Rural Economic Advancement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The technical assistance contributed substantially to achieving the policy reforms envisaged under the policy loan, but longer-term and more focused assistance will be required since: (i) as a new agency, the PRRC has limited capacity to drive policy reforms; (ii) policy change requires skills, effective institutional incentives and culture change; (iii) the program is ambitious and multi-faceted, encompassing a wide range of stakeholders with a variety of interests, not necessarily linked to the policy agenda.

Project Number: 30308-013
Project Name: Pasig River Environmental Management and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
During project implementation, key project officers in ADB and the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources changed, contributing to delayed decision making and project implementation. A new project officer should take over the project administration and management with adequate time, and ADB should ensure that the previous project officer accompanies a new project officer on mission to ensure a seamless transition in project administration.

Project Number: 30458-013
Project Name: Ak Altin Agricultural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The text book rental scheme (TRS) can serve as one of the models on textbook provision for other countries in Central Asia given the efficiency and effectiveness by which it was implemented. Contributing to the successful implementation of this scheme is the government's commitment and the design's alignment to government's priorities. Resources were used efficiently to establish functional arrangements that ensured sustainability of funding and made available and affordable textbooks to students and teacher's guides to teachers.

Project Number: 36510-013
Project Name: Second Textbook Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Policy reforms should not be too numerous and should be well integrated into an overall project. Highest priority should be given to policy reforms (and covenants) that are necessary for project implementation or sustainability. A stakeholder analysis should be conducted for all proposed policy reforms, and a strategy developed for moving systematically to the desired policy reform reflected in the project's design and monitoring framework.

Project Number: 31242-013
Project Name: Second Health Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Future projects need to address issues associated with the financial capacity of pradeshiya sabhas to develop and maintain rural infrastructure through closer monitoring, obtaining greater commitments from provincial and local organizations, and the use of soft loans for capital works tied to user-pay financial plans for civil works such as rural markets, where a financing charges mechanism already exists.

Project Number: 31282-013
Project Name: Southern Province Rural Economic Advancement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The program assumed that by implementing the policy framework the government would have the tools and capacity to implement the full Pasig River Development Plan (PRDP), leading to the overall objective of improving the Pasig River water quality to class C level by 2014. However, the outputs of the policy loan covered only part of the implementation activities of the PRDP, and therefore it should have been clear from the start that the overall objective was not attainable.

Project Number: 30308-013
Project Name: Pasig River Environmental Management and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The project completion mission noted that some farmers interviewed were unaware of their obligations to the government for on-farm rehabilitation cost recovery, despite having signed a repayment agreement with each water users' association and the government before rehabilitation works. This suggests that farmers had limited awareness of the cost-recovery requirements and that the farmers who were not willing to pay for rehabilitation might have been included in on-farm irrigation and drainage (I&D) systems.

Project Number: 30458-013
Project Name: Ak Altin Agricultural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Given that the idea of community-based preschools was innovative for the country, sufficient time should be given for a legal and regulatory framework to be established to adequately serve preschool educational services at the community level.

Project Number: 32143-013
Project Name: Community-Based Early Childhood Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Demand-driven approach to improve the local health situation. The project highlighted the importance of evidence-based and demand-driven project planning and implementation to address local health needs better. The establishment of district team problem-solving empowered staff and encouraged intersectoral coordination.

Project Number: 34007-012
Project Name: Decentralized Health Services I
Report Date:
Lesson
Strengthen management capacity for decentralized health services. While central and local staff were empowered and received diverse technical training, overall more attention needs to be given to the management of health services in the decentralized environment.

Project Number: 34007-012
Project Name: Decentralized Health Services I
Report Date:
Lesson
Mobilize local leaders. Local leaders and or champions need to be identified to initiate local health care reform initiatives and the financial sustainability of activities. The project demonstrated that local regulations to support health sector reform and ensure sustainability are possible through large-scale socialization and advocacy.

Project Number: 34007-012
Project Name: Decentralized Health Services I
Report Date:
Lesson
Management skills have to be improved. Training largely focused on technical matters rather than improving management skills. In strengthening decentralization of health services there is a need to focus on health management training and monitoring and evaluation of health staff.

Project Number: 34007-012
Project Name: Decentralized Health Services I
Report Date:
Lesson
Capacity building has to be linked to incentive structures. Investment in training has to be linked to incentive schemes (financed by local governments) to ensure staff retention, especially in remote areas. The project showed that several local governments initiated incentive schemes for medical doctors and midwives.

Project Number: 34007-012
Project Name: Decentralized Health Services I
Report Date: