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Lesson
Mongolia is a large country with a small population and limited technical capacity. The project represented a major change to existing practices in institutions with few technical resources and limited technical capacity. In future interventions of this type, greater emphasis should be placed on measures to build technical and management capacity in the executing, implementing, and end-user institutions.

Project Number: 30531-013
Project Name: Cadastral Survey and Land Registration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Lessons from the irregularities with civil works in Zavhan aimag are the need to (i) provide external monitoring of civil works in addition to regular monitoring by Ministry of Health (MOH) and various statutory inspection bodies (ADB has organized external monitoring for subsequent projects in the health sector), and (ii) strengthen the bid evaluation capacity of MOH (the weak capacity of some of the firms involved in irregularities could have been detected at an early stage).

Project Number: 31242-013
Project Name: Second Health Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A strong sector development program (policy and investment) entails a design that properly links and demarcates expected impacts, outcomes, and outputs. The Power Sector Development Program (PSDP) failed to coherently set out the objectives between its policy and investment components. Consequently, the lack of clarity between the two components in the PSDP framework contributed to the sector program's underperformance and poor design made it difficult to evaluate.

Project Number: 30207-013, 30207-023
Project Name: Power Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Future projects designed to address rural gravel road maintenance issues need to be more carefully designed through (i) identification of project roads during appraisal; (ii) identification of suitable gravel sources in proximity of the project roads; and (iii) prior commitment from each pradeshiya sabha to participate in the project, including prior establishment and commitment of funds to a road maintenance account.

Project Number: 31282-013
Project Name: Southern Province Rural Economic Advancement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The technical assistance contributed substantially to achieving the policy reforms envisaged under the policy loan, but longer-term and more focused assistance will be required since: (i) as a new agency, the PRRC has limited capacity to drive policy reforms; (ii) policy change requires skills, effective institutional incentives and culture change; (iii) the program is ambitious and multi-faceted, encompassing a wide range of stakeholders with a variety of interests, not necessarily linked to the policy agenda.

Project Number: 30308-013
Project Name: Pasig River Environmental Management and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The text book rental scheme (TRS) can serve as one of the models on textbook provision for other countries in Central Asia given the efficiency and effectiveness by which it was implemented. Contributing to the successful implementation of this scheme is the government's commitment and the design's alignment to government's priorities. Resources were used efficiently to establish functional arrangements that ensured sustainability of funding and made available and affordable textbooks to students and teacher's guides to teachers.

Project Number: 36510-013
Project Name: Second Textbook Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
During project implementation, key project officers in ADB and the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources changed, contributing to delayed decision making and project implementation. A new project officer should take over the project administration and management with adequate time, and ADB should ensure that the previous project officer accompanies a new project officer on mission to ensure a seamless transition in project administration.

Project Number: 30458-013
Project Name: Ak Altin Agricultural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Policy reforms should not be too numerous and should be well integrated into an overall project. Highest priority should be given to policy reforms (and covenants) that are necessary for project implementation or sustainability. A stakeholder analysis should be conducted for all proposed policy reforms, and a strategy developed for moving systematically to the desired policy reform reflected in the project's design and monitoring framework.

Project Number: 31242-013
Project Name: Second Health Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Future projects need to address issues associated with the financial capacity of pradeshiya sabhas to develop and maintain rural infrastructure through closer monitoring, obtaining greater commitments from provincial and local organizations, and the use of soft loans for capital works tied to user-pay financial plans for civil works such as rural markets, where a financing charges mechanism already exists.

Project Number: 31282-013
Project Name: Southern Province Rural Economic Advancement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The program assumed that by implementing the policy framework the government would have the tools and capacity to implement the full Pasig River Development Plan (PRDP), leading to the overall objective of improving the Pasig River water quality to class C level by 2014. However, the outputs of the policy loan covered only part of the implementation activities of the PRDP, and therefore it should have been clear from the start that the overall objective was not attainable.

Project Number: 30308-013
Project Name: Pasig River Environmental Management and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Given that the idea of community-based preschools was innovative for the country, sufficient time should be given for a legal and regulatory framework to be established to adequately serve preschool educational services at the community level.

Project Number: 32143-013
Project Name: Community-Based Early Childhood Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project completion mission noted that some farmers interviewed were unaware of their obligations to the government for on-farm rehabilitation cost recovery, despite having signed a repayment agreement with each water users' association and the government before rehabilitation works. This suggests that farmers had limited awareness of the cost-recovery requirements and that the farmers who were not willing to pay for rehabilitation might have been included in on-farm irrigation and drainage (I&D) systems.

Project Number: 30458-013
Project Name: Ak Altin Agricultural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In designing the National Land Information System, more attention could have been paid to the external constraints likely to impact negatively on the system (such as power and connectivity constraints). A more incremental approach to system development might have been more appropriate, with complexity added as external infrastructure improved.

Project Number: 30531-013
Project Name: Cadastral Survey and Land Registration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Since the project had two implementing agencies supervised by different agencies, project coordination was difficult. A more suitable arrangement involving dual implementation agencies may be through a region-based apex financial institution, which is also assigned responsibility for establishment and operation of enterprise development service support activities and works closely with the regional organization responsible for sustaining the enabling environment.

Project Number: 31282-013
Project Name: Southern Province Rural Economic Advancement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The program required the cooperation of a large number of government agencies, while responsibility for implementation was given to the newly established Pasig River Rehabilitation Commission, without a well-established mandate or political influence. Without high-level political support, coordination became difficult and program outcomes were not achieved. When the responsibility for project implementation was delegated to sector agencies, it became more effective.

Project Number: 30308-013
Project Name: Pasig River Environmental Management and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program
Report Date: