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Lesson
Adequate consultations with local populations throughout the project cycle are a must especially when land ownership is ambiguous and no outstanding land compensation cases are identified.Local populations forcibly entered the two HPP project sites demanding compensation for historical events, in one of which sites, violence was used. The historical events were not identified by due diligence, which concluded that there were no land acquisition and involuntary resettlement impacts.

Project Number: 41504-013, 41504-023, 41504-025
Project Name: Town Electrification Investment Program (Multitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The choice of executing agency (EA) is critical to project success. The Minifstry of Finance, the project EA, provided strong leadership and was able to engage the private sector efficiently. Its broad, multisector overview of the economy helped ensure relevant outcomes from the project, and its central ministerial position facilitated effective coordination across multiple ministries.

Project Number: 42466-015
Project Name: Skills for Employment Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Early engagement with provincial governments can contribute to identifying and avoiding delays due to land acquisition issues. Based on the experience of forcible entry by local communities into two HPP sites, new projects are emphasizing the role of social safeguards and early consultation of local populations. The positive experience of engaging with the provincial government, which contributed to the eventual delivery of the Divune HPP under tranche 1, can serve as a lesson for future projects.

Project Number: 41504-013, 41504-023, 41504-025
Project Name: Town Electrification Investment Program (Multitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Timely and appropriate disclosure of ADB’s audited project financial statements enhances stakeholders' ability to meaningfully engage with ADB and promotes good governance. Timely disclosure of project financial performance needs to be ensured in future projects.

Project Number: 47182-001
Project Name: Southern Road Connectivity Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Timelines for policy changes and major reforms should also be realistic, knowing that building understanding and ownership can take time and the passage of legislation can be a lengthy process. Two municipalities declined to participate in the project because of their objection to the transfer of ownership and management of assets to a state government agency.

Project Number: 35448-013
Project Name: Omnibus Infrastructure Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Consider alternative and locally appropriate strategies for community involvement. Community involvement in project implementation was minimal due to the lengthy registration procedures for shoreline management organization (SMOs). The planned roles for community members in SMOs should have been tailored to community members’ capacity and experience.The capacity of stakeholders to understand the complex coastal process and the coast’s dynamic nature could have been more carefully considered in planning community roles.

Project Number: 40156-013, 40156-033
Project Name: Sustainable Coastal Protection and Management Investment Program - Tranche 2 and MFF
Report Date:
Lesson
Extensive stakeholder consultations help enhance project designs and project readiness. Due to disparaties between actual and appraisal conditions, design changes were required during implementation. These changes prompted revisions in bill of quantities and procurement of materials as well as in technical approaches. The revisions required lengthy approval processes, resulting in reduced scope and cancellation of some subprojects. Replacement subprojects likewise caused delays and even ended Maharashtra state’s participation in project 2.

Project Number: 40156-013, 40156-033
Project Name: Sustainable Coastal Protection and Management Investment Program - Tranche 2 and MFF
Report Date:
Lesson
Sustained capacity building and participation are important to strengthening the knowledge and awareness of various stakeholders on their roles in coastal protection and in prioritizing investments.

Project Number: 40156-013, 40156-033
Project Name: Sustainable Coastal Protection and Management Investment Program - Tranche 2 and MFF
Report Date:
Lesson
Effective communication mechanisms enhance project implementation and need to continue beyond project completion. The effective communication mechanisms established by the project management and implementation institutions guaranteed joint efforts to timely find issues, actively communicate and consult with all parties, and seek and adopt effective solutions. After project completion, the relevant institutions should further ensure smooth communication.

Project Number: 47046-002
Project Name: Gansu Featured Agriculture and Financial Services System Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Continued implementation of regular reform programs even under crisis situations demands a strong partnership between ADB and the government. This program continued and strengthened ADB’s support to improve the country’s macroeconomic performance under the Economic Stabilization Program initiated by the government in 2019. Sustained implementation of the program allowed the government to continue with policy reforms while fighting the pandemic.

Project Number: 52049-001, 52049-003
Project Name: Trade and Competitiveness Program – Subprograms 1 and 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Close consultations with the executing agency and the implementing agency would minimize or ensure that there are no interministerial misunderstandings that could delay project implementation.

Project Number: 44507-002
Project Name: Public–Private Partnership Support Project
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Lesson
Adequate stakeholder consultations, conducted at all project stages, are essential to building consensus and preventing tensions and disagreements from negatively affecting implementation.

Project Number: 36188-023
Project Name: Secondary Towns Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Continued engagement by ADB with the government is imperative. To maintain reform momentum, ADB’s continued engagement with the government is a must even after the program is completed. One mechanism could be through a post-program partnership framework. While facilitating monitoring of the borrower’s compliance with loan covenants, this will also enable ADB to identify follow-on actions where it can have value addition.

Project Number: 45253-002
Project Name: Third Capital Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Consensus-building requires sufficient time for meaningful and in-depth consultations with various stakeholders. This program’s experience has demonstrated that building consensus between the government and the private sector, as well as among government departments, could take much longer than envisaged. The program design to strengthen the staffing of three major regulatory institutions within 2 years was optimistic, and a more realistic timeframe should have been considered. Future programs that will necessitate consensus-building should provide ample time for this type of activity.

Project Number: 45253-002
Project Name: Third Capital Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Effective and efficient implementation of large-scale land acquisition and resettlement activities depends largely on strong political will and commitment at all levels of government, especially when a large number of households are affected. It is important for an agency charged with resettlement activities to be proactive and work closely with local authorities and affected people to resolve identified issues on the ground. Having intensive policy dialogues with the agencies on ADB's safeguard policies and providing well-designed TA projects can

Project Number: 37269-013, 37269-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion:
Rehabilitation of the Railway in Cambodia Project
Report Date: