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Lesson
Capacity building in TVET needs to go hand-in-hand with industry progress as employment of TVET students is directly influenced by industry trends and capacity. Complementary elements, such as the purchase of equipment and training of instructors on the equipment, should be arranged more successively to allow the implementation of subsequent phases to proceed more seamlessly. Greater focus is needed in engaging the private sector to better understand the trends in hiring and updating of curricula and learning materials.

Project Number: 42278-024
Project Name: Second Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Introducing any new procurement modality, such as the complex performance-based management contract (PBMC), creates implementation capacity issues. Initially, a water loss management contract under this project adopted the design-build–operate modality and was tendered out. Due to poor market response, the contract package was rebid. The executing agency (EA) modified the contract provisions to align with market needs and a PBMC package was successfully awarded in October 2016.

Project Number: 42266-013, 42266-023
Project Name: Kolkata Environmental Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Participatory approaches and stakeholder consultationsresult in widely accepted programs with a high potential for success. The design of the stipend program in this initiative followed extensive consultations and technical workshops with technical and vocational education and training (TVET) institutions, as well as development partners active in TVET. As a result of this participatory and collaborative approach, the stipend rate and disbursement mechanisms were widely accepted.

Project Number: 42278-024
Project Name: Second Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Data generation from multiple points, spread across several units and consulting teams, can affect the accuracy and timeliness of data collation. In 2006, the EA established several anticorruption and governance measures, including (i) public disclosure of the details of physical and financial progress and the results of all tenders on the project website, (ii) public audits of project works by field-level committees in every borough, and (iii) computer-aided redress of public grievances with a requirement to respond within 24 hours upon receipt of the complaint.

Project Number: 42266-013, 42266-023
Project Name: Kolkata Environmental Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Short-term training courses have many advantages that make them more preferable than longer bachelor- and masters-level courses. The project colleges' management, teachers, and trainers expressed their preference for short-term training courses over the longer bachelor- and masters-level courses the project provided. This reflects their desire to receive specific subject training that can be achieved in more focused and shorter courses.

Project Number: 42278-024
Project Name: Second Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The economic downturn triggered by COVID-19 pandemic presented an unmet opportunity for the project . Additional stipend funds could have enabled the enrollment of unemployed youth in TVET institutions. This would have transformed a period of low economic activity into a skills development opportunity. A recommended strategy is for the borrowing government to earmark funds in an escrow account, ensuring continued disbursement to beneficiaries after project closure by ADB.

Project Number: 42278-024
Project Name: Second Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Source sustainability issues leading to disruptions in the water supply and contributing to increases in nonrevenue water and infrastructure leakage index consequently impact service delivery and monitoring.

Project Number: 42267-026
Project Name: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The value addition of mainstreaming gender equality in terms of capacity building and awareness raising, and ensuring the participation of women, maximizes project benefits for women. It gives them the opportunity to participate in activities related to urban and water sectors and to develop skills that will increase their livelihood and income-generating opportunities

Project Number: 38254-013, 38254-063
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 4 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Time overruns could occur because of (i) the introduction of a new contracting modality that require longer lead time and stronger staff capacity, (ii) rebids due to the termination of nonperforming contracts, and (iii) challenges in the management of contractual disputes.

Project Number: 42267-026
Project Name: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementing urban infrastructure and providing universal municipal services within growing towns face complex ground-level challenges hence requiring more time for implementation.

Project Number: 38254-013, 38254-063
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 4 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate consideration of the legal and administrative contexts of projects and the need for participatory democratic processes is a must to ensure that the timelines for achieving compliance with tariff-related reform covenants are not ambitious, as the case with this project.

Project Number: 38254-013, 38254-063
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 4 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Attainment of project benefits not within the project scope but instead are dependent on external factors downgrades project performance evaluation. The design and monitoring indicators included household sewerage connections, which were not part of the subprojects’ scope but were provided by the respective urban local bodies (ULBs). This led to dependence on external factors in the accrual of project benefits, thus impacting the final evaluation.

Project Number: 38254-013, 38254-063
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 4 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Alignment with government programs is crucial to the success of projects and its individual components. Under the project, the executing agency successfully implemented initiatives in (a) property tax and widening the property tax net, (b) MIS installation, (c) adoption of new accounting procedures, (d) staff training for the operation and maintenance of urban infrastructure, and (e) online billing and collection systems for the water supply and sewerage services in the program urban local bodies. This success is attributed to the alignment of the initiatives with government programs.

Project Number: 38254-013, 38254-063
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 4 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Inappropriate design of performance-based maintenance contracts (PBMCs), including unrealistic performance parameters, and limited capacities and understanding of complex contract conditions by project implementers and the bidders alike could delay procurement and cause additional difficulties in project administration.

Project Number: 38254-013, 38254-063
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 4 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
It is particularly important for complex sector development programs to (i) better plan the completion timeline, (ii) avoid linking performance indicators to multiple targets, and (iii) include in the project scope components that will address major beneficiary needs (house service connections in this program) that would enhance program relevance. The weak institutional capacity of implementing agencies and water source sustainability affected the project’s effectiveness and sustainability. The gender equality and social inclusion design could also have been better aligned.

Project Number: 42267-026
Project Name: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Program
Report Date: