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Lesson
India's policy on land acquisition needs an amendment in cases where sufficient land for improvement is not voluntarily available. This would allow for permission te be granted outside the scope of the policy, as necessary. As of 2022, the Prime Minister’s Rural Roads Program (PMGSY)is being implemented with no land acquisition. Where land is required, only voluntary-based possession is allowed. If sufficient land cannot be pooled on a voluntary basis, a geometric design is used as a compromise. However, these locations may become accident black spots.

Project Number: 48266-002, 48226-004
Project Name: Second Rural Connectivity Investment Program (Tranche 2 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Teacher Preparation and professional development programs need to be revisited. Because of their low effectiveness, teacher professional development programs in the country urgently need to be revisited, including from the gender equityy and social inclusion perspective. Teacher Preparation courses at universities need to be reviewed, existing education training centers to be expanded and equipped to deliver modern pedagogy, and school-based teacher support systems to be instituted.

Project Number: 49424-001
Project Name: Supporting School Sector Development Plan
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate operation and maintenance (O&M) allocations, supported by feasible, long-term financing plans, are necessary to ensure the sustainability of project facilities and benefits. Furthermore, effective O&M planning is required for effective utilization of the assets and provisions for improved service delivery to citizens.The O&M of the constructed plants, landfills, and other subprojects in the program cities lacked operational governance, proper record keeping, and manpower planning, which started in project 1 affecting the subsequent projects.

Project Number: 35290–013, 35290–043
Project Name: North Eastern Region Capital Cities Development Investment Program (Tranche 3 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate and competent social and environmental safeguards staff need to be onboard throughout a project's life to ensure effective Implementation of safeguard requirements.

Project Number: 35290–013, 35290–043
Project Name: North Eastern Region Capital Cities Development Investment Program (Tranche 3 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Unsynchronized consultant recruitment, procurement of goods, and facility upgrades could create inefficiencies and lead to a wastage of time and resources and delayed delivery of project benefits. While overall the project proceeded smoothly, it encountered some challenges that offer valuable lessons to future projects. First, as the timing of consultant inputs and procurement of laboratory facilities and equipment were not synchronized, i.e., consultants would arrive early while facilities were not yet ready, less-than-efficient inputs were obtained.

Project Number: 43120-013
Project Name: Trade Facilitation: Improved Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Handling in Greater Mekong Subregion Trade Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Projects at completion should ensure that there is clarity of mandates, responsibilities, and performance targets among institutions involved in the operation and maintenance (O&M) of project assets to minimize the risks to the sustainability of project benefits. The project supported the provincial government in clarifying the roles and responsibilities of the different government agencies and the private sector in O&M of the project sub-outputs.

Project Number: 43319-022
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion East-West Economic Corridor Towns Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Executing agencies (EAs) should engage qualified safeguards specialists to support safeguards implementation, supervision, monitoring, and reporting. The project EA, Assam Power Generation Corporation Limited (APGCL), managed the environmental safeguards requirements without the planned consultant. However, engaging an expert to support APGCL in handling pollution control aspects and strengthening internal staff capacity would have been desirable to ensure that issues were detected and reported properly.

Project Number: 47101-002
Project Name: Assam Power Sector Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Data access and documentation issues, which can affect emergency response operations, need to be identified and addressed right at the onset of the crisis situation. Early in program implementation, the government recognized the importance of internet connectivity and the use of web-based applications. There was no established online system to receive and process emergency assistance applications. The application forms were initially submitted by beneficiaries through email, which took more than 5 weeks to process.

Project Number: 54189-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Signing of loan agreement is essential to achieving project readiness. To avoid possible risk, the executing agency did not start the project implementation, including the detailed design for civil works, until the loan agreement was signed on 6 February 2013. That slowed project implementation progress in the early stage. In the future, ADB needs to convince the counterpart to enhance project readiness.

Project Number: 44019-013
Project Name: Hubei Huangshi Urban Pollution Control and Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The use of advanced technology to analyze the evolving needs of the labor market will significantly contribute to cultivating talents based on industry development trends and foster TVET development. The labor market information (LMIS) developed under this project included a tracer study to obtain information on TVET graduates’ employment situations and trends, as well as employers’ feedback and degrees of satisfaction. The LMIS was the first TVET student labor market information system

Project Number: 45511-006
Project Name: Hunan Technical and Vocational Education and Training Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inaccurate projections can reduce the financial viability of projects and lead to unoptimal use of resources. At project appraisal, populations in Anaklia and Mestia were forecast to grow significantly with Anaklia’s planned port construction and tourism development of Mestia as an international ski resort and historic heritage site. As it turned out, towns in Georgia, including the three towns, witnessed out-migration and reduction in population in the last decade.

Project Number: 43405-023
Project Name: Urban Services Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Close alignment of sustainable campus and “3R” concepts with climate change mitigation and adaptation practices could enhance impacts. Since the “3R” concept was already incorporated as an output-level deliverable in the design and monitoring framework, more specifications could have been provided at the project design stage, so that the emissions reduction were reportable and verifiable. The concept could have been also closely linked with green job training and promotion to foster the province’s low-carbon economic transformation.

Project Number: 45511-006
Project Name: Hunan Technical and Vocational Education and Training Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project asset ownership should be carefully discussed with relevant stakeholders during the design phase, and explicitly delineated in the implementation agreements to avoid misunderstandings and possible disruptions during implementation. The issue between Dili Institute of Technology and its subsidiary, could have been avoided if SEFOPE had signed an agreement with the parent institution. Formal arrangements between government and private entities should be made clear in advance.

Project Number: 45139-001
Project Name: Mid-Level Skills Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
While face to face communication would have been better in certain cases, adaptation to pandemic restrictions by adopting new ways of working in addition to being agile and flexible proved adequate and strong enough to successfully implement projects during the pandemic. The program was implemented during a very challenging period when the pandemic was just reaching its peak, the health situation was deteriorating globally, and lockdown measures were being intensified.

Project Number: 51252-003, 51252-004, 51252-005
Project Name: Financial Market Development Program
(Subprograms 1; 2; and 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to examine the rural grassroots performance of financial intermediaries being considered for agricultural financial service projects with a large number of clients. The performance of potential intermediaries for agricultural financial service projects catering to smallholder farmers, cooperatives, and agricultural small and medium enterprises needs to be examined to ensure that intended benefits are not unduly compromised.

Project Number: 47046-002
Project Name: Gansu Featured Agriculture and Financial Services System Development Project
Report Date: