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Lesson
The CPRO modality is deemed relevant, appropriate, and efficient for this program, as it allows DMCs to address spending requirements for health, social, and economic measures in response to the pandemic. Discussions with the government to align the modality with response measures facilitated critically needed fiscal stimulus to better manage the immediate economic and financial shocks created by the rapidly unfolding COVID-19 pandemic and an overwhelmed health care system.

Project Number: 54182-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Strong coordination between ADB and the executing agency, the Department of Economic Affairs (DEA), and the high level of government ownership of the program were the keys to developing a program focused on the vulnerable sections of society and to delivering an effective response to the pandemic at unprecedented speed and scale. The program supported key initiatives of the government to mitigate pandemic impacts. ADB and the DEA closely interacted to monitor and report on the progress of program implementation.

Project Number: 54182-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Lack of readily available and measurable social and economic data can limit the scope of the design and monitoring framework (DMF). The CPRO loan supported 12 schemes of the PMGKY program, which extended insurance cover for health workers, cash transfers, food and fuel transfers, and employment guarantees.. However, the DMF included only eight schemes for monitoring as part of the CPRO loan because specific results and performance Indicators could not be devised during appraisal considering the urgency of the requirement for assistance.

Project Number: 54182-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
High staff turnover, weak procurement and contract management capacities, and lack of familiarity with ADB procedures, often the cause of implementation delays, need to be addressed jointly by ADB and government counterpart agencies. Because of the changes in the executing agency’s senior-level officials, turnover of the project staff was high. The project also suffered from counterpart agencies' weak procurement and contract management capacity and lack of familiarity with ADB guidelines.

Project Number: 43007-023
Project Name: Higher Education Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The objectives and implementation period for sector reform projects need to be well-aligned with the government’s long-term vision and carefully consider existing capacities. This project's overall objective was ambitious as sector reforms require long-term and sustainable interventions, adequate resources, and sufficient time. Increasing student enrollment and rural higher education institutions offering distance education programs were not achievable through a single project intervention.

Project Number: 43007-023
Project Name: Higher Education Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Changes in scope and implementation arrangements are often needed to make projects responsive to changes in government and policy directions. The changes in the ruling party and restructuring of the government in 2012 and 2016 led to changes in the policy directions on higher education. To remain responsive and aligned with the government’s policy, minor changes were made to the project scope and implementation arrangements.

Project Number: 43007-023
Project Name: Higher Education Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The COVID-19 pandemic had certain impacts on Dongxing border port trading due to reduced traffic flow on the Fengcheng–Jiangshan road connecting to the port in 2021.

Project Number: 43023-013
Project Name: Guangxi Beibu Gulf Cities Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Closer communication and coordination between ADB and the implementing agencies (IAs) are necessary to ensure timely loan closing. The loan closing took about 21 months. One of the major reasons was that some of the withdrawal application papers submitted by the IAs were incomplete or inconsistent and clarifications or corrections of these took a long time. ADB’s review and clearance on these clarifications was also slow in several cases.

Project Number: 43023-013
Project Name: Guangxi Beibu Gulf Cities Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Scope changes can lead to extended implementation delays, especially when review and due diligence on these changes are not organized properly. The project experienced significant implementation delays due to factors which were unforeseen at approval. These changes resulted in reallocation ofthe loan proceeds. The review process including due diligence for these changes took 1 year on average. In fact, the process could have been shortened had the organization of these changes been orderly.

Project Number: 43023-013
Project Name: Guangxi Beibu Gulf Cities Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
An innovative campaign may be needed to attract women to nontraditional TVET training programs. The project emphasized providing opportunities for women, especially those from poor families and rural areas, to attend the TVET programs and to help them find employment after graduation. Campaign activities that proved effective included scholarships and a detailed outreach and communications plan targeting both female candidates and employers.

Project Number: 45139-001
Project Name: Mid-Level Skills Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Shortage of qualified national consultants could delay implementation and increase project costs . The intention at design was to work with the support of national consultants. However, the lack of national consultants with technical qualifications and TVET experience as required by the project hampered timely recruitment and mobilization of these technical experts. Consequently, some national positions had to be converted to international positions or contracts of qualified national consultants extended to enable them to complete the tasks.

Project Number: 45139-001
Project Name: Mid-Level Skills Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project asset ownership should be carefully discussed with relevant stakeholders during the design phase, and explicitly delineated in the implementation agreements to avoid misunderstandings and possible disruptions during implementation. The issue between Dili Institute of Technology and its subsidiary, could have been avoided if SEFOPE had signed an agreement with the parent institution. Formal arrangements between government and private entities should be made clear in advance.

Project Number: 45139-001
Project Name: Mid-Level Skills Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Trainings and in-person support are needed to strengthen financial management performance and full compliance, especially in cases where the government agencies are handling ADB projects for the first-time. As the first ADB project the Secretariat of State for Vocational Training and Employment (SEFOPE) oversaw, more thorough trainings and in-person support could have strengthened financial management performance and full compliance with the grant covenants.

Project Number: 45139-001
Project Name: Mid-Level Skills Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Limited baseline data could lead to unrealistic performance Indicators and targets. Because this was ADB’s first TVET grant project in Timor-Leste, which introduced a new area of formalized skills development, baseline data for the targets were limited. This led to some unrealistic performance Indicators and targets. For example, the number of students and trainers to be trained appeared to be modest, whereas the target of 65% of graduates to find employment within 3 months of graduation was overambitious.

Project Number: 45139-001
Project Name: Mid-Level Skills Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Design and monitoring frameworks (DMFs) need to have all the necessary Indicators as well as flexible timelines to effectively be used as planning, monitoring, and evaluation tools. Given the breadth of the program, the DMF should have included at least one indicator for each reform area to better monitor the outcome and long-term impact of key policy actions. Although three new outcome Indicators were included in subprogram 3, these mainly covered financial inclusion and nonperforming loans.

Project Number: 51252-003, 51252-004, 51252-005
Project Name: Financial Market Development Program
(Subprograms 1; 2; and 3)
Report Date: