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Lesson
With strong justification and available financing in place, government-proposed adjustments to output components during implementation can help ensure a project's continued alignment with evolving government strategies. This can also deliver more outputs that contribute directly to achieving the project's outcome and generate greater social and economic benefits. In this case, following the government's new policy on poverty reduction, the provincial and county governments proposed to resurface all the 1,200 km roads connecting lower-level village roads.

Project Number: 46040-003
Project Name: Yunnan Pu'er Regional Integrated Road Network Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
When implementing land acquisition and resettlement activities, affected households, particularly ethnic minorities, must be adequately engaged in a culturally appropriate way, and their needs and willingness should be appropriately factored in during resettlement site selection and new house design. Meanwhile, an income restoration program should be properly designed and timed for implementation before the displacement of affected households. Diversification of livelihood options and income sources can help them better cope with displacement.

Project Number: 46040-003
Project Name: Yunnan Pu'er Regional Integrated Road Network Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
For the gender action plan, indicators need to be designed to require reporting of baseline and latest data disaggregated by sex for evidence that the practice exists. In this project, indicators such as “MOH public information on drug safety including rapid alert system improved by 2014 (data on persons affected by unsafe drugs are sex-disaggregated)” and “minutes of community meetings and attendance lists were disaggregated by sex” were reported without evidence of sex-disaggregated data.

Project Number: 41243-012
Project Name: Fourth Health Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is critical for project design to include key activities and budget for the executing agency and implementing agency to be accountable for realizing the targets indicated in the design and monitoring framework (DMF). In this case, the DMF indicator for “report identifying and addressing constraints on achieving gender balance in senior hospital management” was canceled due to the absence of activities and resources planned at the project design stage to identify and address the gender parity issues in senior hospital management.

Project Number: 41243-012
Project Name: Fourth Health Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Comprehensive mid-course correction and timely revision to the design and monitoring framework are opportunities that should be seized to improve the measurement of the project’s achievements.

Project Number: 45139-001
Project Name: Mid-Level Skills Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Technical and vocational education and training is a complex subsector having multiple interfaces with development issues related to socioeconomic development, production technology, and public policy. ADB needs a sector road map to guide its operations, especially when investments interface with the private sector.

Project Number: 45139-001
Project Name: Mid-Level Skills Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
For interventions in a new country, it is important to assess the capacity of the government’s financial management system thoroughly before launching a project, especially when investing valuable grant resources.

Project Number: 45139-001
Project Name: Mid-Level Skills Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Development partners, such as the World Bank, Australian Department of Foreign Affairs, and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), have been working alongside ADB in supporting the 4Ps program that has led the Department of Social Welfare and Development to request for joint review missions.

Project Number: 43407-013
Project Name: Social Protection Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) program did not increase the number of children fully immunized before 1 year of age or collect complete data during the impact evaluation rounds on the share of beneficiary children aged 6–14 years of age who were working. It is recommended that future support to the 4Ps program include technical assistance to support the government to identify key issues preventing immunization before 1 year of age and ensure robust M&E of children’s attendance in school and participation in work and labor activities.

Project Number: 43407-013
Project Name: Social Protection Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is all right to have a project that focuses on a limited number of TVET institutions, but the project should describe their interlinkages with tother TVET institutions, including the private TVET institutions. Despite the project’s category C for indigenous peoples safeguards, ethnic minority participation rates increased significantly by 132%. The project should have described how this was achieved given the project’s strategic agenda to support inclusive growth and social development.

Project Number: 45511-006
Project Name: Hunan Technical and Vocational Education and Training Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
When debt servicing and repayment burden is placed on TVET institutions, as was the case under this project, the TVET insitutions should have a greater role in the project design and determining their liability

Project Number: 45511-006
Project Name: Hunan Technical and Vocational Education and Training Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
This was the first ADB project in the technical and vocational education and training (TVET) sector in the PRC. A number of institutional issues related to financing TVET were neither fully known nor examined for leveraging sustainable development of the subsector in such a situation. The project should have been accompanied by a broader technical assistance to study and share the findings with the government, including enabling elements necessary for replication and/or upscaling in the PRC.

Project Number: 45511-006
Project Name: Hunan Technical and Vocational Education and Training Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The government’s internal approval processes need to be carefully considered when designing and implementing a policy reform program. In Viet Nam, the consensus-building approach to policymaking requires significant time and coordination, particularly for policies that would entail changes to the legal framework. The process for amending laws is a significant constraint, as the lawmaking cycle usually takes 5 years. Inadequate consideration of these features of policymaking and lawmaking in Viet Nam could lead to unrealistic program schedules.

Project Number: 49331-001
Project Name: Financial Sector Development and Inclusion Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Combining finance sector development and financial inclusion under an umbrella framework enables a finance sector reform program to address both supply and demand to further develop the sector. The program as originally designed was to include two subprograms. Technical assistance, provided to help the government continue the reform measures adopted in subprogram 1, was key in supporting many of the reforms programmed under subprogram 2, even as the government elected not to proceed with a second loan. Nevertheless, government elected not to proceed with a second loan.

Project Number: 49331-001
Project Name: Financial Sector Development and Inclusion Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The dispersed location of project sites could make implementation management and supervision difficult. The sites of this project were spread in the north, east, and southwest of Chongqing, mostly in mountainous terrain, making management and supervision difficult for both the project management office and ADB.

Project Number: 45509-002
Project Name: Chongqing Urban-Rural Infrastructure Development Demonstration II Project
Report Date: