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Lesson
Strong project design, including carefully thought-out subproject selection criteria and adequate financial assessments can help reduce the need for scope changes and mitigate the risk of implementation delays. At approval, this project included seven subprojects in five provinces. Four of the seven subprojects were dropped in 2016 and 2017 because of changes in the companies’ investment priorities, changes in management due to the equitization process, and/or insufficient financial capacity.

Project Number: 41456-043
Project Name: Water Sector Investment Program - Tranche 3
Report Date:
Lesson
Continued timely adjustments in tariffs could make projects financially viable. The project financial reevaluation at completion concluded that the project was financially viable subject to continued timely adjustments in tariff. This has legal basis as Decree 124/2011/ND-CP allows WSCs to propose water tariffs in a tariff roadmap, which provincial governments approve. The tariff roadmaps of the participating WSCs included adjustments every two years. However, only one adjustment was made in 2019–2022 due to the impacts of COVID-19.

Project Number: 41456-043
Project Name: Water Sector Investment Program - Tranche 3
Report Date:
Lesson
Executing and implementing agencies need to find ways to sustain data collection and analysis throughout the project implementation phase to ensure high-quality M&E systems. Monitoring and evaluation was not completed before project closing because, at the critical late stage of implementation, the pandemic brought consultant services to a stop before they can be completed. Some baseline data were collected in 2015, but the function was not completed because of early implementation delays.

Project Number: 44375-013
Project Name: Maritime and Waterways Safety Project
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Lesson
It will be advisable to nominate alternate participants to training activities in the future. One of the TA’s capacity building activities created an opportunity for two representatives from Kazakhstan to participate in the road maintenance training organized by the Japan International Cooperation Agency. Unfortunately, only one of the nominees was able to participate because personal circumstances prevented the other nominee to travel. The unoptimal use of future opportunities may be prevented by naming alternate participants to future training activities.

Project Number: 54092-001
Project Name: Institutional Support to the National Quality Center for Road Assets
Report Date:
Lesson
Frequent requests for scope changes pose a challenge to smooth and timely TA implementation. The government had been consulted in the design of the TA; however, it made frequent requests to expand or modify the TA scope that, although agreed upon by ADB created a challenge to the smooth implementation and timely delivery of outputs. This contributed to a significant delay in TA completion, from March 2022 to December 2023.

Project Number: 54092-001
Project Name: Institutional Support to the National Quality Center for Road Assets
Report Date:
Lesson
Urban land acquisition in densely populated areas poses significant challenges. Compensation rates may rise during implementation, driven by urbanization rather than project schedules, potentially causing delays beyond the control of the project. Aligning civil engineering procurement with land acquisition progress is essential to prevent contractual disputes. Close collaboration, clear milestones, and effective communication mitigate risks. Establishing a resettlement information system aids in early issue identification, maintaining transparency.

Project Number: 45022-002
Project Name: Jiangxi Ji'an Sustainable Urban Transport Project
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Lesson
Sufficient time for visa application and domestic approval procedure needs to be taken into consideration for international study tours.

Project Number: 54037-001
Project Name: Innovation-Driven Green Economic Diversification for Resource-Exhausted Cities in Heilongjiang
Report Date:
Lesson
A policy brief, summarizing the key messages and findings from the TA, is an effective tool to facilitate wider replication of the experience and knowledge from the TA, especially when the final TA consultant report is very comprehensive with heavy data.

Project Number: 54037-001
Project Name: Innovation-Driven Green Economic Diversification for Resource-Exhausted Cities in Heilongjiang
Report Date:
Lesson
A well-designed project performance management system (PPMS) from the outset can enhance the quality of economic analyses. This system facilitates the systematic collection of data on project benefits and pertinent metrics, enabling the monitoring of project performance until completion. Specifically, monitoring the project's progress, identifying areas for improvement, and collecting socioeconomic data through a PPMS, could all help establish a comprehensive assessment of a project’s development results and improve the quality of economic analysis.

Project Number: 41403-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Virtual events are effective for knowledge sharing in a cost-effective manner, but not so suitable for having dialogue for concrete country actions. Therefore, it is necessary for the use of either modality should consider the purpose and objective of the event.

Project Number: 54076-001
Project Name: Strengthening Property Tax Management to Enhance Local Revenue
Report Date:
Lesson
Using readily available published data enables proper assessment of a project’s development impact. The installation and use of a robust energy resource planning system in a newly formed utility enables a comprehensive management information system; transparency and good governance in operations; and timely reporting.

Project Number: 43464-023
Project Name: Himachal Pradesh Clean Energy Transmission Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Knowledge gained from projects needs to be shared to optimize benefits. The knowledge developed through the project—the groundwater protection engineering and non engineering measures—would be beneficial if made accessible and promoted to key stakeholders. The recording of data on groundwater mitigation, water reservoirs, river and embankment protection, and wetland benefits should be maintained.

Project Number: 47047-002
Project Name: Shandong Groundwater Protection Project
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Lesson
Effective knowledge transfer requires adaptation to local context and the participation of stakeholders in the design and preparation of the necessary materials and documents.The project supported the development of manuals and guidelines (e.g., corporate plans, landfill operation guidelines, public–private partnership guidelines). However, preparation of the documents had minimal participation from key stakeholders and there was limited communication to explain the documents to intended users.

Project Number: 43316-012
Project Name: Pakse Urban Environmental Improvement Project
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Lesson
Border crossing points (BCPs) will risk becoming stranded assets in the face of border disputes and other related issues. BCPs completed under the project have remained closed for traffic since April 2021 following a border dispute between the Kyrgyz Republic and Tajikistan. By May 2024, around 10% of the border line with total estimated length of 970 kilometers remained to be delimitated. The countries are determined to complete the process and sign a border agreement within 2024. Until the delimitation is completed, the potential traffic volumes across the borders will remain unknown.

Project Number: 46124-001
Project Name: Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Regional Improvement of Border Services Project
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Lesson
While customized, survey-based performance targets can be useful, they should not account for the bulk of the targets such that the overall outcome of the program depends simply on one’s ability to replicate the survey. In this case, 4 of 6 outcome targets were generated by custom surveys which, for reasons unknown, could not be replicated. Also, proxy data could not be located for three of the targets. Thus, the program’s effectiveness, despite evidence to the contrary, was compromised simply by a lack of data and an inability to confirm progress.

Project Number: 49117-002, 49117-003, 49117-004
Project Name: Facilitating Youth School-to-Work Transition Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3)
Report Date: