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Lesson
Projects require an in-depth assessment of ownership and use of land. Procurement for the Butwal auto village subprojects (AVS) was severely delayed by land ownership issues. The automobile enterprises were located on land leased from the municipality intended only for establishment of automobile enterprises, but the entrepreneurs used the land for business and residential purposes. These entrepreneurs were skeptical that their existing land uses could continue if they entered into a public-private partnership agreement, and thus protested the AVS.

Project Number: 36188-023
Project Name: Secondary Towns Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
An adequate assessment is needed when setting targets. This project had a few design challenges that could not be addressed during implementation. For the target of serving 3,000 households with new water supply connections and 4,500 with improved ones, financing was not included in the approved project, so could never be achieved. The target of serving 25,000 households with sewer connections was ambitious, as only about 13,680 households would get these connections based on the final engineering designs.

Project Number: 36188-023
Project Name: Secondary Towns Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Complex projects are better designed and implemented if there is a clear government sector plan that is fully supported both at the national and provincial levels. This was demonstrated by the country’s railway development plan and its financial allocations. The national government successfully reached out to private banks for cofinancing, and the provincial governments had a strong buy-in through their smooth implementation of land acquisition and resettlement plan.

Project Number: 35354-013
Project Name: Lanzhou–Chongqing
Railway Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
To ensure the success of expenditure management at subnational government level, these entities need to become more dependent on locally sourced revenues over time. Rapidly increasing central transfers can make them more dependent to the national government and weaken their motivation to raise local revenues.

Project Number: 50168-001, 50168-002, 50168-003
Project Name: Fiscal and Public Expenditure Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Decentralization and devolution to subnational governments need to be undertaken with caution, especially where capacity is known to be limited. A sequential program is useful, where functions and resources are better devolved first to local governments that are fully staffed and capacitated, and later to others, following a program that improves institutional capacity to accept the new responsibilities.

Project Number: 50168-001, 50168-002, 50168-003
Project Name: Fiscal and Public Expenditure Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate risk assessment and provisions for mitigation measures on safeguards at design stage are critical requirements for project readiness. Oftentimes, these prerequisites (e.g., analysis on the need for land acquisition), if not sufficiently done, could contribute to implementation delays. Such analysis could include appropriate assessment of project target areas, including land availability, as well as meeting the pertinent social safeguards prior to site access and/or civil works.

Project Number: 40534-013
Project Name: Second Crop Diversification Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The flexibility of competition-based mechanism enables the polytechnics to propose their investments based on the real needs and motivates them to perform better in delivering the outputs.

Project Number: 42099-013
Project Name: Polytechnic Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Attention needs to be given to the health and comfort standards of the relocation housing in terms of indoor air circulation and lighting, among others.

Project Number: 52324-001
Project Name: Emergency Assistance for Recovery and
Rehabilitation from Recent Disasters
Report Date:
Lesson
Relocation housing sites should be accessible to the affected families. Location of new housing should be as close to the affected homes as possible.

Project Number: 52324-001
Project Name: Emergency Assistance for Recovery and
Rehabilitation from Recent Disasters
Report Date:
Lesson
The PCR noted delays with the receipt of cash assistance for livelihood activities, death compensation, and housing assistance. Delays were due to the requirement for beneficiaries to provide official documents that took time to verify. In future disaster responses, procedures should be simplified and could perhaps be managed by civil society organizations, and bureaucracy should be minimized.

Project Number: 52324-001
Project Name: Emergency Assistance for Recovery and
Rehabilitation from Recent Disasters
Report Date:
Lesson
Clarity at the outset on the regulations and guidance for implementation of qualifications framework such as the RPL and CTS is important in the formulation of design and for setting output indicators based on demand analysis.

Project Number: 42099-013
Project Name: Polytechnic Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The competition-based mechanism promotes more efficient utilization of funds as proposals and use of funding are driven by demand from institutions.

Project Number: 42099-013
Project Name: Polytechnic Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The main driver of the project was improving the quality of USE to enhance productivity and employability in Viet Nam’s growing economy. However, the revision of curriculum and instructional material preparation was not within the sphere of the project. Instead, the project assumed that curriculum revision and new instructional material will be introduced within the project time frame, but outside the project scope. ADB should have properly identified such a project risk and adequately reflected it in project risk

Project Number: 42275-013
Project Name: Second Upper Secondary Education
Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project aimed to help improve the employability of the young labor force in Viet Nam. It is important that the government ensures that its policy and investment in USE linked clearly with demand for skills in the job market and business development in the economy.

Project Number: 42275-013
Project Name: Second Upper Secondary Education
Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The DMF missed some essential data that were important in measuring project effectiveness. As this was a follow-up project, both executing agency and ADB should have had up-to-date data and information. To avoid such issues, ADB needs to make a rigorous assessment of the institutional arrangements, and database benchmarks in the case of long-term commitments and preparation of additional follow-on projects.

Project Number: 42275-013
Project Name: Second Upper Secondary Education
Development Project
Report Date: