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Lesson
Projects at completion should ensure that there is clarity of mandates, responsibilities, and performance targets among institutions involved in the operation and maintenance (O&M) of project assets to minimize the risks to the sustainability of project benefits. The project supported the provincial government in clarifying the roles and responsibilities of the different government agencies and the private sector in O&M of the project sub-outputs.

Project Number: 43319-022
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion East-West Economic Corridor Towns Development Project
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Lesson
Close collaboration between key government agencies and the local community enables adequate operation and maintenance (O&M) of project facilities through community-based activities. Sanitasi Berbasis Masyarakat (community-based sanitation), being one of the national programs implemented by the water supply and environmental sanitation working group established by Indonesia’s National Development Planning Agency in 2013, made it easier for the project to mobilize the communities to participate during the design and implementation stages.

Project Number: 39071-013
Project Name: Metropolitan Sanitation Management and Health Project
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Lesson
A unified bill covering both water supply and sanitation services provides a practical approach to improving the revenue stream for wastewater management. Compared to water supply; it is often harder to collect tariffs for wastewater management services. The local water supply company in Medan; the capital city of the North Sumatra province; has provided a practical solution to this by installing a unified billing system for water supply and wastewater management services.

Project Number: 39071-013
Project Name: Metropolitan Sanitation Management and Health Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Timely orientation and training of relevant stakeholders on social safeguards will help avoid related difficulties and problems. All entitled households were compensated according to the updated resettlement plans. However, detailed measurement survey errors and mistakes in implementing the voluntary land donation resulted in some payments being made after the commencement of construction work. A corrective action plan approved by ADB was subsequently implemented and all payments were completed.

Project Number: 40190-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A thorough needs assessment is necessary to align the livelihood restoration training programs to the needs of severely affected households (SAHs) and so increase their uptake of the programs. Only a few SAHs attended the livelihood restoration programs designed to support them. The opportunity cost in terms of farmers’ time was high either because the SAHs were involved in more rewarding economic activities, or the trainings did not respond to their needs.

Project Number: 40190-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
More effort toward improving cooperation on regional public goods will strengthen the value addition of future regional projects. Cooperation between the two countries during implementation was limited. More inter-country activities toward strengthening cooperation on regional public goods such as early warning systems, flood and drought management control, joint missions to share country experiences, and knowledge sharing during project implementation would be useful in future regional cooperation projects.

Project Number: 40190-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project
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Lesson
Executing agencies (EAs) should engage qualified safeguards specialists to support safeguards implementation, supervision, monitoring, and reporting. The project EA, Assam Power Generation Corporation Limited (APGCL), managed the environmental safeguards requirements without the planned consultant. However, engaging an expert to support APGCL in handling pollution control aspects and strengthening internal staff capacity would have been desirable to ensure that issues were detected and reported properly.

Project Number: 47101-002
Project Name: Assam Power Sector Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The need to obtain varioushe need to obtain various forest and wildlife clearances should be considered at project planning and replanning stages. Processing of forest and wildlife clearances led to some delays in project implementation. The requirements for this should have been considered during the original planning stage and while processing the scope changes, with timeline extensions likewise considered to address the lengthy process of obtaining these clearances in India.

Project Number: 44426-016
Project Name: Green Energy Corridor and Grid Strengthening Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to engage suitable safeguards experts to ensure that high-quality reassessments are undertaken to align safeguards implementation to changes in the project scope. Changes in scope are common in the implementation of large power transmission projects and timely updating of all relevant project documents to reflect and address such changes is necessary. In this project, scope changes were made especially to utilize the large loan savings that resulted from the overestimation of the project costs at appraisal.

Project Number: 44426-016
Project Name: Green Energy Corridor and Grid Strengthening Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inclusion of a financial management specialist in the project team could help identify and resolve audit issues on time.

Project Number: 44214-024
Project Name: Building Climate Resilience of Watersheds in Mountain Eco-Regions
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Lesson
While the project contributed to gender equality and social inclusion in the project area, longer-term engagement with communities and development practitioners is needed to deepen inclusion in a region that has a high prevalence of gender and caste-based discrimination.

Project Number: 44214-024
Project Name: Building Climate Resilience of Watersheds in Mountain Eco-Regions
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Lesson
Adequate due diligence and consultation with government agencies and related stakeholders throughout the project cycle will help ensure appropriate project planning, preparation, design, and implementation and avoid unnecessary scope changes that reduce the overall process efficiency.

Project Number: 42414-033
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program (Tranche 2)
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Lesson
Factors that contributed to the overall success of the project include (i) the openness willingness, and flexibility of ADB and the government to respond positively to emerging need and demand; (ii) agreements by stakeholders to increase the number of MES representatives in the project steering commitee, which balanced the views and bargaining power of MES in the decision-making process; and (iii) the willingness of ADB to use its own resources to hire staff consultants when required to help resolve procurement bottlenecks and accelerate project implementation especially during critical per

Project Number: 45010-002
Project Name: Skills for Employment Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Data access and documentation issues, which can affect emergency response operations, need to be identified and addressed right at the onset of the crisis situation. Early in program implementation, the government recognized the importance of internet connectivity and the use of web-based applications. There was no established online system to receive and process emergency assistance applications. The application forms were initially submitted by beneficiaries through email, which took more than 5 weeks to process.

Project Number: 54189-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
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Lesson
Signing of loan agreement is essential to achieving project readiness. To avoid possible risk, the executing agency did not start the project implementation, including the detailed design for civil works, until the loan agreement was signed on 6 February 2013. That slowed project implementation progress in the early stage. In the future, ADB needs to convince the counterpart to enhance project readiness.

Project Number: 44019-013
Project Name: Hubei Huangshi Urban Pollution Control and Environmental Management Project
Report Date: