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Lesson
Well-planned integrated urban development investments—possibly including a South Tarawa-wide sewage collection and disposal system along with subsidized toilet and flushing facilities for low-income households— are necessary to substantially address the sanitation issue in South Tarawa. It was recognized from the outset that the project could only be the start of a comprehensive solution to the serious sanitation problem in South Tarawa.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Thorough preparation of reliable and accurate cost estimates for each subproject is critical to help project implementation. Possible cost changes during implementation need to be kept within the acceptable threshold level and cost contingencies. Substantial cost overrun may lead to cancellation of critical project components.

Project Number: 42414-013, 42414-045
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program (Tranche 5 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
The development of a firm sector investment plan supports successful project implementation. The sector plan, covering the short-, medium- and long-term horizons, helps avoid overlaps of projects that may result in scope changes which could adversely affect the project implementation timeline, funding and cost, and loan utilization. Such an investment plan commits the government to a definite set of projects in the sector that allows for a stable implementation of social and environmental safeguards.

Project Number: 42414-043
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program - Tranche 3
Report Date:
Lesson
Assessment of risks related to tariff policy implementation needs to be included in the project preparatory tehnical assistance to ensure that these risks are addressed in the project design. The risk assessment in the design phase did not adequately discussethe feasibility of fully implementing the water tariff policy, and accordingly plan the mitigation measures.

Project Number: 42266-013, 42266-023
Project Name: Kolkata Environmental Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Imprest fund and direct payment procedures could impact timely advance fund payment, leading to delays. Direct payment and reimbursement procedure was used by the project until 2018. This was discontinued in accordance with the policy change of the Government of India. Disbursements were on track— from the first disbursement on 12 September 2014—and reached 88.3% of the revised loan amount by the end of the original loan closing date of 30 June 2019.

Project Number: 42266-013, 42266-023
Project Name: Kolkata Environmental Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Weak financial management performance of executing agencies and systemic issues could affect timely compliance to covenants. Under this project, the covenants related to the annual project financial statements (APFSs) and audited entity financial statements (AEFSs) were fully complied with. However, submissions were delayed due to financial management and systemic issues. As a result, submission of annual audits conducted by statutory auditors appointed by the state government was likewise routinely delayed.

Project Number: 42266-013, 42266-023
Project Name: Kolkata Environmental Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Resource constraints can impede the participation of smaller firms in ADB procurement as well as hinderCapacity development of counterpart agencies. Smaller firms struggled to respond appropriately in some bidding processes, which resulted in their being considered ineligible to participate. The project implementation unit experienced resource constraints, which hindered sustainedCapacity development throughout the project and the participation of outer islands officials in the training activities.

Project Number: 46351-002
Project Name: Climate Resilience Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The sustainability of project outcomes is closely linked to the commitment and ability of the EA and IAs to provide funding for continued operations after project completion. This commitment is largely in place with the one main concern relating to the Climate Change Trust Fund (CCTF). Having an experienced fund manager to assist the CCTF board and secretariat in managing and operationalizing the CCTF, while the project was still ongoing, would have been beneficial.

Project Number: 46351-002
Project Name: Climate Resilience Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The economic downturn triggered by COVID-19 pandemic presented an unmet opportunity for the project . Additional stipend funds could have enabled the enrollment of unemployed youth in TVET institutions. This would have transformed a period of low economic activity into a skills development opportunity. A recommended strategy is for the borrowing government to earmark funds in an escrow account, ensuring continued disbursement to beneficiaries after project closure by ADB.

Project Number: 42278-024
Project Name: Second Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Specificity of intended outcome is essential to enable programming, innovation, and cycles of project improvement. The project’s outcomes were broadly defined and lacked clear pathways detailing how the outputs would interact with each other and achieve the outcomes. The vagueness is likely part of the reason that the design had significant gaps and flawed assumptions on how the activities would lead to the intended outcomes.

Project Number: 41509-013
Project Name: Rural Primary Health Services Delivery Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Substantial cost overruns could result from inadequate detailed design, new legislation (e.g., banning slow-moving traffic from highways), changes in pavement composition to address climate change impacts and overloading, constructability issues, unforeseen project features, and road safety and traffic issues.

Project Number: 40540-014, 40540-017
Project Name: South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation Road Connectivity Project
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Lesson
Reductions in government counterpart funds must be documented especially to review and derive learnings on how these impact the scope and implementation of ADB-financed projects. A reduction in government counterpart funds and increase in the domestic loan amount under this project was not documented by ADB. The EA indicated a policy change in 2015 that affected the scope of government counterpart funds; however, documentation of such a policy change was missing.

Project Number: 47009-002
Project Name: Guangxi Baise Vocational Education Development Project
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Lesson
issues, unforeseen project features, and road safety and traffic issues

Project Number: 46040-003
Project Name: Yunnan Pu'er Regional Integrated Road Network Development Project
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Lesson
Project financial auditing needs to be synchronized with the project Completion review timeline which requires disclosure of the report within 12 months of the financial closing of the loan account.

Project Number: 42378-017
Project Name: Power System Expansion and Efficiency Improvement Investment Program (Tranche 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
Increasing disaster risk financing (DRF) in participating DMCs is critical to reduce negative impacts on lives, livelihoods, and economic and fiscal outcomes. The program contributed to significantly higher pre-disaster financing, helping to partially fill gaps following a disaster event. Three aspects could be further explored. First, CDF was created for medium-scale disaster events that occur about every 3–10 years, whereas, in practice, qualifying events in the Pacific have occurred with greater frequency and led to higher levels of damages in certain countries.

Project Number: 50028-001, 50028-002
Project Name: Pacific Disaster Resilience Program (Phases 1 and 2)
Report Date: