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Lesson
The requirement for counterpart funding to finance land acquisition and resettlement (LAR) should be clearly communicated to government counterparts during project preparation. Due to delayed and inadequate counterpart funds, particularly to support LAR, works were begun in several subprojects even before compensation payments were completed. This comprised noncompliance to ADB safeguards and caused the suspension of works in pertinent subprojects.

Project Number: 43319-022
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion East-West Economic Corridor Towns Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The country engagement framework (CEF) worked effectively for the CARES program and may be used for continued engagement and dialogue with the government on post-CARES follow-on work. Dialogue with key stakeholders from the private sector and civil society played an invaluable role in: (i) providing government with firsthand accounts of the challenges faced by the sectors from the evolving conditions under the pandemic; and (ii) establishing a direct feedback loop to the government on how policies were translating on the ground. The dialogue was consistent with ADB’s CEF in Cambodia.

Project Number: 54195-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Equity issues need to be carefully considered and addressed in beneficiary selection and targeting. The potential for political influence in the selection of communities that would benefit from grid connection was identified as a risk. To mitigate this risk, independent consultants were engaged to develop the beneficiary selection criteria, which would eventually stipulate that (i) customers were to be within 250 meters of the transmission line, (ii) construction of the property had to be sound, and (iii) households must have the financial means to pay for the electricity provided.

Project Number: 41504-024
Project Name: Improved Energy Access for Rural Communities
Report Date:
Lesson
Project preparatory and startup activities should be synchronized to avoid wastage of time and resources. The implementation of subprojects in multiple geographic locations and the need to manage the storage of equipment delivered years before installation added to the challenges in managing this project. Furthermore, consultant recruitment was not aligned to implementation progress.

Project Number: 41504-024
Project Name: Improved Energy Access for Rural Communities
Report Date:
Lesson
Projects at completion should ensure that there is clarity of mandates, responsibilities, and performance targets among institutions involved in the operation and maintenance (O&M) of project assets to minimize the risks to the sustainability of project benefits. The project supported the provincial government in clarifying the roles and responsibilities of the different government agencies and the private sector in O&M of the project sub-outputs.

Project Number: 43319-022
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion East-West Economic Corridor Towns Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Stronger coordination between the national and subnational levels is necessary to ensure a coordinated approach to implementation, reporting, and monitoring. More could be done to strengthen vertical and horizontal coordination between the relevant government agencies for improved outcomes.

Project Number: 54195-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Projections about the impact of road projects should be realistic and adequately consider the accessibility of the roads to be built to communities. The impact statement in the design and monitoring framework about increased access to markets, jobs, and social services in the 4 project provinces should have been restricted to the 10 districts along the project roads, as the project roads could not generate impacts in farther areas. Performance Indicators and targets should also consider data availability and baselines that proved to be limited in at least one of the project provinces.

Project Number: 43309-013
Project Name: Provincial Roads Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The COVID-19 pandemic experience provided the government an opportunity to develop its approach to monitoring and reporting. During the loan period; ADB supported the executing agency in the quarterly monitoring of expenditures under the government’s emergency loans. This was appreciated by the government and because it provided the only English-language summary of government expenditure under the two emergency decrees, the quarterly monitoring was continued at government’s request even after loan closure.

Project Number: 54177-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Delayed implementation of an associated project can seriously affect the success potential of another. This project was critically dependent on the progress of tranche 1 of the Town Electrification Investment Program (TEIP). Specifically, it was to connect 4,500 rural households to the grid being extended under the TEIP tranche 1 project. The grid itself was to be maintained by the hydropower plants being constructed under the tranche 1 project. However, as tranche 1 incurred extensive delays so did this project which took 9 years to be completed versus the planned 3 years.

Project Number: 41504-024
Project Name: Improved Energy Access for Rural Communities
Report Date:
Lesson
Appropriate contract packaging, stakeholder involvement in project preparation, and reliable cost estimates are of particular importance to successful project implementation. This project encountered several weaknesses in design and preparation that made implementation challenging.

Project Number: 43319-022
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion East-West Economic Corridor Towns Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Data collection, which took longer than anticipated under the CARES program, need to be expedited in future emergency responses. Data collection challenges experienced under CARES included (i) competing priorities, (ii) need to cover many different agencies, and (iii) need to collect data remotely. In some cases, the same dataset was collected from multiple sources and agencies, necessitating cross checking and verification and requiring considerable time and resources.

Project Number: 54195-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Sector risks need to be carefully assessed prior to making an investment decision in a new sector. Bangladesh’s Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL) has faced challenges because of its portfolio concentration in renewable energy. While it has taken steps to move away from such concentration of risks, it still needs to further diversify its loan portfolio. Currently, IDCOL is focusing on power sector public-private partnership (PPP) projects.

Project Number: 42180-016
Project Name: Third Public-Private Infrastructure Development Facility
Report Date:
Lesson
Complex and large-scale investment programs demand more rigorous front-end analyses to identify appropriate implementation arrangements and timelines. Drawn-out government approval processes, lack of qualified and experienced consultants, and inadequate high-level support and guidance obstructed the implementation of this investment program. Being a complex and the first-generation bus rapid transit investment in Mongolia, the program required a longer implementation period.

Project Number: 39256-024
Project Name: Urban Transport Development Investment Program Imultitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Close coordination among key stakeholders is especially required in complex and large-scale projects. Bolstered by strong partnership with and regular involvement and oversight from ADB, the executing agency and the project implementation unit’s professional and technical staff would have contributed to the delivery of the intended outcome and outputs. Professional and technical support was particularly important as the municipality of Ulaanbaatar MUB lack in capacity to effectively manage and coordinate the program.

Project Number: 39256-024
Project Name: Urban Transport Development Investment Program Imultitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
A holistic approach, which can lead to overambitious scope and targets, needs to be carefully weighed during the project design stage. This program and its numerous outputs adopted a holistic approach, which might now seem overly ambitious, particularly for the first urban transport undertaking in Ulaanbaatar. A phased approach could have been considered to focus resources on clearly identified priorities and to develop capacity.

Project Number: 39256-024
Project Name: Urban Transport Development Investment Program Imultitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 1)
Report Date: