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Lesson
Capacity constraints and project complexity. Overly ambitious and complex projects are less likely to be successful. The project, which attempted to tackle a wide range of issues in several subsectors within a short time frame, was too complex given the capacity constraints of the Ministry of Finance (MOF) and the implementing agencies. Although the MOF had effectively executed ADB projects before, those projects were considerably less complex. Several implementing agencies had little or no previous experience in development-partner-funded projects.

Project Number: 28332-013
Project Name: Corporate and Financial Governance Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Better linkage between health outcomes and WSS outputs should be promoted in WSS projects by including sanitation, hygiene, and health promotion activities in project design.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A capacity-development program for beneficiaries needs to be well planned and implemented in accordance with the project implementation schedule and progress. A monitoring mechanism to measure the effectiveness of the capacity development programs needs to be established.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In community-based projects, water user and sanitation committees (WUSCs) can act as reliable facilitators between the project and beneficiaries. The participation of local communities during both design and implementation is crucial for project sustainability and effective project implementation.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Team leader inputs should be adequately provisioned in engineering and design consultant contracts to ensure timely technical support and advice for town projects to facilitate timely decisions.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Community organizations require continued support during and after the transition to the post-construction period to ensure the sustainability of water supply facilities. Capacity development needs to cover not only the technical aspects of operation and maintenance (O&M) but also financial management, water demand management through public awareness campaigns, and the protection of water sources including water conservation.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A unit to provide technical support to WUSCs should be established in an early stage of the project, and the staff of WUSCs should be trained throughout the project implementation period, rather than just at the end. ADB should be more involved in ensuring that appropriate mechanisms for providing technical support are in place and that the unit's capacity is strengthened. Five regional technical support centers were established very late in the project, and only one center was staffed by two people, who do not know how to operate some of the equipment.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Effective orientation programs on project approaches, implementation modalities, and the roles of stakeholders contribute to successful project implementation. Implementation partners should be well informed on the approaches and strategies of the project prior to implementation.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
All components of projects should be treated as important and monitored from the early stages of project implementation. The difficulty of establishing technical support centers in five development regions of Nepal under the technical support components was mainly because the executing agency (EA) accorded them low priority and ADB did not follow up sufficiently.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project design should accommodate the complexity of community participation and the time it requires. Adequate attention should be paid to capacity development in communities to ensure the sustainability of water supply and sanitation (WSS) facilities.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Extensive and thorough investigations of potential project sites need to be carried out to the extent possible during feasibility studies and detailed design to ensure that designs are appropriate. Experience shows that design shortcomings have caused significant implementation delays and numerous contract variations.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The ability of NGOs and the private sector to make a real contribution to extension services depend on their technical and institutional capacity, and this should be taken into account as a basis for selection. Such a lesson implies that other factors were used as the basis for selection. It also stipulated a requirement for orientation of these organizations, implying that this was not done. This introduces concern as to how successful NGOs and private sector providers actually were.

Project Number: 30228-013
Project Name: Crop Diversification Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB must recognize that on-the-ground conditions in the borrower country may change substantially while a program or project is under preparation, especially if the preparatory process is long and the nature of unrest borders on social conflict and violence.

Project Number: 32238-013
Project Name: Governance Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
An ambitious, complex program or project should not be launched without being fully equipped with adequate TA and other requisite resources, particularly when the design does not provide the option of accessing funds under the loan.

Project Number: 32238-013
Project Name: Governance Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
If a program or project runs against both (a) and (b) above, there should be flexibility in implementation plan to reduce the scope and focus on the essential core of the program or project. The policy matrix should clearly identify such core issues beforehand.

Project Number: 32238-013
Project Name: Governance Reform Program
Report Date: