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Lesson
The project encountered considerable delays and significant cost escalations in the design and tendering of the remote water transport infrastructure restoration component as a consequence of the switch from restoring existing structures to building new structures and introducing equitable distribution of project structures among maritime provinces. Future projects should examine the relevance, design, and cost implications and determine the project scope and design resource needs, avoiding the need for scope changes.

Project Number: 34121-013
Project Name: Community Water Transport Project
Report Date:
Lesson
While the issue of delays to project mobilization were recognized in the lessons learned at appraisal, the project failed to ensure such delays did not occur. Future projects need to plan for timely advance procurement of consultants and ensure advance commitment to institutional and financing arrangements prior to loan approval. Where trust funds are part of project design, institutional and operating rules need to be agreed and trust deeds formulated and agreed, if not formally signed prior to loan approval. Advance appointment of fund managers should be considered.

Project Number: 34121-013
Project Name: Community Water Transport Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project demonstrated that subsidized community water transport services can be viable delivery mechanism that can provide improved access for marginalized and remote maritime and river-based communities so they can access health, education, and other government services.

Project Number: 34121-013
Project Name: Community Water Transport Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project supported the One Health concept, which emphasizes the links between animal health and human health and emerging animal and human diseases. One Health provided a platform for unprecedented integration of animal, human and ecosystem health issues to fight the threat of avian influenza. The systematic collaboration of technical agencies across disciplines, such as FAO (veterinarians) and WHO (medical doctors) and civil society organizations (community health workers) supported by the project has promoted this concept since the beginning of the project.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB's high-level steering committee demonstrated ADB's institutional support, which enhanced coordination between development partners. The committee, comprising the heads of all regional departments and the Strategy and Policy Department and chaired by the director general of RSDD, provided prompt policy guidance and expedited decisions and actions. It also ensured that the needs of the countries were ascertained and that they had adequate access to project resources.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB was able to use its convening power effectively because it had the necessary in-house technical expertise. Public health experts on ADB's staff with knowledge of emerging infectious diseases were involved in designing and implementing the project. This in-house expertise made the dialogue with the technical and regional agencies to strengthen regional collaboration within and across the animal health and human health sectors possible.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
Each new outbreak of disease confronts projects such as this one, as well as the implementing partners and global community, with a fresh challenge, because its early spread outpaces the gathering of scientific evidence needed to formulate containment policies. Each successive outbreak is followed by an initial opaque period characterized by a frustrating lack of scientific evidence on which to base policies and technical guidance.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
The rapid launch and accelerated implementation of the project made necessary by the threat that avian influenza would become a pandemic made it difficult to define verifiable indicators for a number of the outputs under the regional capacity building and regional coordination components. A mid-term review of the project would have facilitated a review and updating of the design and monitoring framework.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
To effectively monitor and evaluate the project, the MIS need to be installed and operating early in the project schedule.

Project Number: 31647-013
Project Name: Smallholder Support Services Pilot Project [Loan 1652-PNG]
Report Date:
Lesson
Projects that pilot test new approaches need to be designed in a way that they are simple, well focused, and flexible enough to accommodate appropriate changes. In pilot projects, it is essential to have a capacity building component, especially in contexts where weak implementation capacity exists.

Project Number: 31647-013
Project Name: Smallholder Support Services Pilot Project [Loan 1652-PNG]
Report Date:
Lesson
Executing agencies, ADB project officers, project consultants, and others must very carefully examine and assess the full range of possible impacts from a change of scope. Technically correct, evidence-based positions must prevail.

Project Number: 30535-013
Project Name: Financial Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Targeting poor families with grant funds and low-cost technology makes good sense. The low cost sanitation and community awareness and health education (LC-CAHE) component was the most successful part of the project, despite cost overruns and reduced impact compared with the original targets. It combined low-cost infrastructure improvements with vitally needed information to improve awareness and understanding of the need for greater cleanliness and modern sanitation to improve public health. It also involved working with poor communities in a participatory manner to build commitment.

Project Number: 31467-013
Project Name: Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Only priority sites should be surveyed at project design. Identifying a short list, not a long list, of priority sites before PPTA starts is good practice. Frequently, executing agencies in Papua New Guinea (PNG) do not identify priority sites or undertake preliminary analysis, citing their lack of preparatory budgets or skills. This does not foster ownership and passes on responsibility to consultants. In this case, PPTA consultants were asked to survey 12 provincial towns, out of which only 2 were ultimately developed.

Project Number: 31467-013
Project Name: Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate project design undermines project implementation. Good project design is a basic requirement for project success, and inadequate design can prevent project success. In this case, design did not demonstrate adequate technical understanding of the availability of suitable water or the feasibility of its use for water supply and sanitation (WSS) projects in four of the six provincial towns.

Project Number: 31467-013
Project Name: Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A project modality may not be the best approach to a process issue such as fostering improvements in a public financial management system. A combination of technical assistance (TA) and program lending or a sector development program may have been a more appropriate approach in bringing about improvements. If a project modality is used, financing plans should reflect the nature of the project inputs being financed. Although the project mobilized almost $25 million in grant parallel cofinancing, many of the international consultants were financed from the loan.

Project Number: 30535-013
Project Name: Financial Management Project
Report Date: