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Lesson
Careful selection of competent experts and close consultant monitoring and coordination is essential to ensure the quality of TA outputs. As the two consultants engaged by this TA needed to work on separate topics to deliver one report, close monitoring and coordination by the ADB team proved critical to the timely attainment of consultant deliverables. Regular meetings were conducted to oversee progress, give guidance, avoid preventive abortive work, and deliver quality outputs.

Project Number: 55319-001
Project Name: Southeast Asia Aviation: COVID-19 Impact and Short-term Strategy
Report Date:
Lesson
For TA requiring knowledge product publication, the Department of Communication and Knowledge Management, ADB needs to be consulted early in TA implementation. This would have helped prevent TA implementation period to be extended by 8 months partly to ensure the quality of the knowledge product.

Project Number: 55319-001
Project Name: Southeast Asia Aviation: COVID-19 Impact and Short-term Strategy
Report Date:
Lesson
Close engagement with government agencies is essential and so is partnership with subregional governmental cooperation organizations such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The TA was initiated to assist DMCs’ aviation sector recovery from the global crisis. Due to the urgent need, there was inadequate engagement with stakeholders during the design and planning phase. Specifically, there was less public sector involvement compared to private sector.

Project Number: 55319-001
Project Name: Southeast Asia Aviation: COVID-19 Impact and Short-term Strategy
Report Date:
Lesson
Post-publication knowledge sharing events are critical for the dissemination of knowledge generated by TA projects. Involvement of industry resource persons has value addition. Utilizing various platforms including social media will maximize knowledge sharing and dissemination.

Project Number: 55319-001
Project Name: Southeast Asia Aviation: COVID-19 Impact and Short-term Strategy
Report Date:
Lesson
The project offers a good implementation management model for similar ADB-financed projects to learn from. This project was completed ahead of schedule with no cost overrun, an exception among ADB-financed road projects in other member countries. The government has strong capacity and experience in managing such highway projects. Compiling experiences and lessons learned from this project and disseminating them to other member countries would enhance the overall efficiency of ADB-financed projects.

Project Number: 41682-039
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Highway Expansion Phase 2 Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The risks associated with single-tranche loans can be mitigated through proper management of the loan proceeds and control of the project cost. The ADB loan was featured to have a single tranche disbursement arrangement to address currency mismatch and hedge financial risks arising from foreign borrowing. In the early stage of project implementation, the full amount of the ADB loan ($90.8 million) was disbursed as an advance and exchanged to local currency.

Project Number: 41682-039
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Highway Expansion Phase 2 Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A monitoring and evaluation framework for regional and long-term impacts need to be established and applied to all regional projects related to corridor development. The project, a GMS highway expansion project, had regional impacts through international corridor development. Meanwhile, the project also had development impacts on local people through enhanced access to social and economic opportunities.

Project Number: 41682-039
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Highway Expansion Phase 2 Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Government’s effective and responsive implementation of the program and use of funds highlighted the importance of being able to adjust allocations as demanded by the crisis. The government successfully utilized its ADB countercyclical loan to support its relief and stimulus program under its two pandemic emergency decrees and funds (FY2020 and FY2021). In particular; the Cabinet responded rapidly to the successive waves of COVID-19; allocating and reallocating budgets to work plans and projects where they were most needed at any one time.

Project Number: 54177-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The program has helped strengthen ADB’s role as a trusted partner and created a positive experience for the government to strengthen its relations with development partners. The loan provided international funds that have helped address the government’s objective to reduce borrowing in the domestic market and have helped ensure liquidity in Thailand’s private sector. The program’s accompanying technical assistance provided the government with value-added policy dialogue and technical assistance to help address the government’s knowledge needs as they evolved through the crisis.

Project Number: 54177-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The lack of available data across government departments can be challenging especially during times of crisis. The government encountered difficulties in collecting sex-disaggregated data in some instances; making it difficult to understand how women and girls were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Disaggregation by employment and disability status was challenging as well. The sex-segregated data on testing capacity and incentive for health workers included in the completion report were proxies based on total beneficiaries and the male and female ratio among the healthcare work force.

Project Number: 54177-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to maintain some degree of flexibility to effectively respond to crisis situations. Perhaps the most important quality of Thailand’s CARES program was its ability to rapidly mobilize demand-driven support in a crisis; highlighting the importance in future crisis responses of maintaining some degree of flexibility in both program design and implementation. ADB was able to process and approve the program within 3 months of the government’s initial request for support. Events in Thailand necessitated loan signing to take place about 4 months after ADB approval.

Project Number: 54177-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Indicators and targets relying on surveys that may not be available at the time of measurement could benefit from the identification of alternative measures during program design. One of the outcome Indicators in the CARES design and monitoring framework is measured by the WHO only every 5 years and information about its most recent assessment is due for release in mid to late 2022; after the end of the CARES program. Uncertainties and disruptions created by emergencies need to be considered when designing Indicators to ensure that targets are achievable and realistic.

Project Number: 54177-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Lessons from impact assessments undertaken by the government need to be explored for possible replication or application in future crisis response operations. In addition to monitoring of program expenditures; the government conducted its own assessment of program results; such as the social impact of cash transfer programs on affected people.

Project Number: 54177-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The COVID-19 pandemic experience provided the government an opportunity to develop its approach to monitoring and reporting. During the loan period; ADB supported the executing agency in the quarterly monitoring of expenditures under the government’s emergency loans. This was appreciated by the government and because it provided the only English-language summary of government expenditure under the two emergency decrees, the quarterly monitoring was continued at government’s request even after loan closure.

Project Number: 54177-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The TA was financed by Republic of Korea e_x005F_x0002_Asia and Knowledge Partnership Fund (EAKPF), and the budget was executed prudently and transparently as planned through close coordination with EAKPF Fund Team. Thanks to EAKPF’s funding, the TA could closely collaborate with the Government of the Republic of Korea, hire an expert from Korean financial market as a consultant, and expand its network to Korean markets, all of which contributed to effectually generating the outputs and the outcome of the TA.

Project Number: 50055-001
Project Name: Creating a Regional Settlement Intermediary in ASEAN+3: Cross-Border Settlement Infrastructure Forum
Report Date: