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Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 35343-013
Project Name: Support the Implementation of the Public Administration Reform Master Program, Phase 1
Report Date:
Lesson
There were no apparent incentives for project management to properly assess project impacts, so the collection and use of baseline data and strengthening of overall monitoring of beneficiaries need a stronger institutional push.

Project Number: 31361-013
Project Name: Rural Enterprise Finance Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Monitoring and evaluation. Data were regularly collected, and efforts were made not to create a separate monitoring system but use existing information. However, project monitoring was incomplete and insufficiently used as a management tool to achieve results. Substantive project evaluation was very useful.

Project Number: 30285-013
Project Name: Rural Health Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Lengthy administrative processes. Implementation delays were largely caused by lengthy procurement and financial control procedures at all levels. While the project management unit (PMU) and provincial project management unit (PPMU) capacity was also an issue, the government's administrative procedures were time consuming. ADB administration was considered relatively efficient.

Project Number: 30285-013
Project Name: Rural Health Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Targeting. The project improved services for the poor and had a substantial focus on maternal care but provided less targeted support for ethnic minorities. Several of the interventions for ethnic minorities didn't materialize. The project evaluation study showed that the poor in general and ethnic minorities in particular benefited from the government support for commune health stations (CHSs) and health insurance, while ADB funding provided more general public support. More could have been achieved with better targeting for minorities, assuming MOH concurrence.

Project Number: 30285-013
Project Name: Rural Health Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Piloting reforms. While government ownership of project formulation was strong, proposed pilots were too ambitious given MOH constraints and the lack of detailed plans or technical support. On the other hand, the project flexibly responded to several policy changes and national developments by adjusting its scope, which counterparts appreciated. Demand-led programming improved project impact.

Project Number: 30285-013
Project Name: Rural Health Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Priorities for health sector development. One issue with health projects in Viet Nam is that the Ministry of Health (MOH) and the provinces typically give priority to upgrading facilities and staff. Provinces may be less focused on sector reforms and improving outcomes, perhaps as this is not seen as a role of projects, and the results are less understood and tangible. Provinces need to focus more on improving the quality of services and maintaining assets.

Project Number: 30285-013
Project Name: Rural Health Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It will take time to discern the impact of the overall stimulus package. Recent fiscal data from the United States have corrected initial assessments of the depth of the economic and financial crisis and, with it, the impact of the stimulus package implemented. Similar trends could be at play not just in Viet Nam, but in other Asian economies that implemented stimulus programs. In that light, perhaps, program evaluation will be more adequately served with an assessment 3-4 years after loan disbursement.

Project Number: 43315-013
Project Name: Countercyclical Support
Report Date:
Lesson
As it is the case with any policy-based lending, the impact and outcome of the VIE-CS loan was highly dependent on the quality of public financial management. Additional efforts in improving the efficiency and transparency of public financial management would allow even greater impact of similar fiscal stimulus programs.

Project Number: 43315-013
Project Name: Countercyclical Support
Report Date:
Lesson
On the other hand, onlending to domestic enterprises as a stimulus measure presents complex challenges. Adequate and transparent risk and cost benefit assessments, and detailed and individual project evaluation are required. In Viet Nam, projects financed through the onlending mechanism of the fiscal stimulus package included strategic sectors such as ship building, steel, cement, and the aircraft industry, in addition to light manufacturing (textiles, ceramics, etc.).

Project Number: 43315-013
Project Name: Countercyclical Support
Report Date:
Lesson
However, the government should give consideration to the development of automatic macroeconomic stabilizers that provide an adequate social safety net. The macroeconomic instruments available to stimulate domestic demand were somewhat limited. As in other developing economies, Viet Nam lacks the kind of macroeconomic stabilizers such as unemployment and social security benefits that are triggered instantly as economic conditions worsen. The options used for the fiscal stimulus package included a range of instruments with varying potential for economic stimulus.

Project Number: 43315-013
Project Name: Countercyclical Support
Report Date:
Lesson
Not limited to the case of Viet Nam, the impact on gross domestic product (GDP) growth rates of the fiscal stimulus package shows the importance of a multidimensional strategy that allowed responding to the variety of challenges posed by the severe global financial crisis of the last few years. In Viet Nam, the strategy included tax cuts, large infrastructure spending, interest rate subsidies, and social welfare programs.

Project Number: 43315-013
Project Name: Countercyclical Support
Report Date:
Lesson
Despite a shortened loan processing period, by the time the loan was eventually disbursed, most of the elements of the stimulus package were expiring. To the extent that loan processing could be further simplified and accelerated in the future, the potential impact of the CSF might be assisted.

Project Number: 43315-013
Project Name: Countercyclical Support
Report Date:
Lesson
The importance of the sustained dialogue between ADB and the government, as it ensured efficient program formulation. It also enabled good coordination between the Countercyclical Support Facility (CSF) and other policy lending operations already under implementation at the time. The existence of long-term, policy-based operations in Viet Nam that focus on macroeconomic management, public financial management, and social assistance greatly assisted the processing of the VIE-CS.

Project Number: 43315-013
Project Name: Countercyclical Support
Report Date:
Lesson
The introduction and enforcement of local regulations on sanitation and environment protection was not supported by the project nor included as a covenant. Although the introduction was still achievable, enforcement would need support from the project.

Project Number: 28315-013
Project Name: Third Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date: