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Lesson
Quality construction supervision has a price. All works contracts were supervised by consulting engineers who ensured detailed engineering designs were adopted, and contractors’ progress claims were legitimate, among others. But the quality of works varied, with indications of insufficient funding contributing to the poor quality of many completed works.

Project Number: 37097-013
Project Name: Integrated Rural Development Sector Project in the Central Provinces
Report Date:
Lesson
Spreading a large number of subprojects in a wide geographical area can reduce implementation efficiency and negatively affect subproject documentation and approval. A set of selection criteria guided this sector project’s investment size of approximately $0.5 million–$4.0 million per subproject. This resulted in many small subprojects that were geographically dispersed and generally failed to complement other infrastructure and hence synergize development impacts in the provinces. This was more evident in Phase 1 than in Phase 2.

Project Number: 37097-013
Project Name: Integrated Rural Development Sector Project in the Central Provinces
Report Date:
Lesson
Late allocation of provincial counterpart funds is a persistent issue requiring attention from the central government of Viet Nam. Late allocation of counterpart funding slowed down implementation progress and exposed subprojects to additional cost increases through inflation. The central government should consider providing incentives for timely provincial allocations. It could also explore alternative funding arrangements to address the issue.

Project Number: 37097-013
Project Name: Integrated Rural Development Sector Project in the Central Provinces
Report Date:
Lesson
Consideration of future utilization patterns in the upgrading of roads can lead to higher design standards that may require more funds for operation and maintenance (O&M) but will help ensure the operational efficiency of upgraded roads. In Viet Nam, engineering designs are based on established standards that are determined by their levels of utilization. With the upgrading of roads likely to attract increased traffic volumes with an associated change in transport modes, the project carefully considered future utilization patterns in the design of the upgraded rural roads.

Project Number: 37097-013
Project Name: Integrated Rural Development Sector Project in the Central Provinces
Report Date:
Lesson
The executing agency’s involvement is limited during loan review missions. The PCR indicated HCMC People’s Committee lacked ownership of the program as highlighted by the transfer of integrated sustainable urban transport study from the DOT of HCMC to MAUR. The executing agency’s greater involvement and commitment in preparing and implementing mass rapid transit projects can improve ownership and better identify areas of institutional weakness.

Project Number: 39500-013, 39500-023
Project Name: Ho Chi Minh City Urban Mass Rapid Transit Line 2 Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2, and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Although ADB has no direct relationship with district people’s committees during program implementation, they are in-charge of land acquisition and resettlement on behalf of the city people’s committee. A program design needs to consider this and plan accordingly to equip the relevant officials with the skills and knowledge for effective land acquisition and resettlement, in accordance with ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009).

Project Number: 39500-013, 39500-023
Project Name: Ho Chi Minh City Urban Mass Rapid Transit Line 2 Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2, and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Particularly for complex and large-scale projects, with significant safeguard issues, government’s commitment to develop a land acquisition and resettlement road map, which in most cases involve the central government, is necessary to complete land acquisition and resettlement before awarding civil works contracts

Project Number: 39500-013, 39500-023
Project Name: Ho Chi Minh City Urban Mass Rapid Transit Line 2 Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2, and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Viet Nam’s procurement law prohibits executing and implementing agencies from issuing bidding documents until capital resources for the packages have been allocated. The procurement for complex projects may take more than 1 year from bidding documents’ issuance to contract awards. Applying ADB’s advanced actions can mitigate this procurement risk.

Project Number: 39500-013, 39500-023
Project Name: Ho Chi Minh City Urban Mass Rapid Transit Line 2 Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2, and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
The timely completion of topography surveys and detailed engineering design (DED) is crucial to irrigation infrastructure projects. It permits timely procurement and construction works that are critical for projects with multiple phases. Procurement for the construction of secondary and on-farm canals for phase 2 were delayed, as its DED could not commence before phase 1 DED could be finalized. This led to the implementation delays in the succeeding phases. Technically experienced contractors can help execute engineering designs efficiently and in a timely manner.

Project Number: 40239-013
Project Name: Development of the Northern Chu and Southern Ma Rivers Irrigation System Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate consultation and inclusiveness of project stakeholders and beneficiaries during preparation strengthens project design quality and facilitates implementation. The involvement of local people, such as farmers during the design stage is important to incorporate specific issues pertaining to the local context (e.g., WUG or WUA in terms of scale participant number, on-farm canals, construction works, cultural and gender roles). Also, generating local participation at the onset provides incentives to reduce risks that may possibly involve resentment and conflicts during implementation.

Project Number: 40239-013
Project Name: Development of the Northern Chu and Southern Ma Rivers Irrigation System Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The delays early on during the project implementation suggested that it was important for the PMU to have an appropriate mix of full- and part-time personnel. In this project’s case, more full-time staff were required early in the project to attend fully to activities that were different from routine government activities, such as familiarization with the enhanced SPS regimes, ADB procurement requirements, and other procedures. PMU’s too many part-time appointments caused inefficiencies in procurement and timely implementation of the project activities.

Project Number: 43120-025
Project Name: Trade Facilitation: Improved Sanitary and Phytosanitary Handling in Greater Mekong Subregion Trade Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Pilot testing is an appropriate approach to introduce a new regulatory requirement to demonstrate its relevance and benefits to the industry, test its effectiveness, and determine areas for improvement in design and implementation. Pilot testing can generate substantial demonstration effects that justify a program’s nationwide expansion.

Project Number: 43120-025
Project Name: Trade Facilitation: Improved Sanitary and Phytosanitary Handling in Greater Mekong Subregion Trade Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Potential increases in land acquisition and resettlement (LAR) costs need to be carefully considered in the project cost estimates when a full survey to establish LAR impacts cannot be accommodated during the design stage.

Project Number: 45198-004
Project Name: Secondary Cities Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
More reliable cost estimates would help prevent implementation delays and improve disbursement performance.

Project Number: 45198-004
Project Name: Secondary Cities Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Startup delays, a persistent issue and possibility in Viet Nam, need to be considered when developing implementation plans and contract award and disbursement projections for ADB projects in the country.

Project Number: 45198-004
Project Name: Secondary Cities Development Project
Report Date: