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Lesson
Organizational interventions support and reinforce capacity building for institutional knowledge retention. For instance, organizational intervention, such as handover procedures and an operations manual developed as part of the DBO contract, combined with operation and maintenance staff training to ensure knowledge retention and sustained institutional strengthening in maintaining the operational standards for potable water supply prescribed by the Bhutan Drinking Water Quality Standard, 2016.

Project Number: 44240-013
Project Name: Urban Infrastructure Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Engineering designs that do not include a proper sludge disposal system in the WWTP design could create long-term challenges. This was resolved under this project through engineering redesign. Potential long-term environmental sustainability issues were consequently avoided

Project Number: 44240-013
Project Name: Urban Infrastructure Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inappropriate implementation arrangements could lead to significant implementation challenges. Implementation by thromdes created ground-level coordination challenges among multiple institutions that could have been avoided by restructuring implementation arrangements

Project Number: 44240-013
Project Name: Urban Infrastructure Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Consulting services for design, monitoring, supervision, and overall project management are important for timely procurement and implementation, and particularly for the complex DBO contracting modality, considering that government agencies in Bhutan are increasingly familiar with and prefer DBO

Project Number: 44240-013
Project Name: Urban Infrastructure Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Timely and close monitoring of safeguard implementation by trained project management staff and consultants minimizes disruption to communities and facilitates smooth implementation. A grievance redress mechanism was established across all three subprojects; but no grievances were officially recorded.

Project Number: 44240-013
Project Name: Urban Infrastructure Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Extensive upstreamCapacity development is required to address municipalities and contractors’ limited capacities and understanding of complex design, build, and operate (DBO) contracts. Those limitations delayed the procurement and implementation of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) contract under this project.

Project Number: 44240-013
Project Name: Urban Infrastructure Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Timely processing of changes in scope, implementation, and disbursement arrangements strengthen implementation and enhance project relevance.

Project Number: 44240-013
Project Name: Urban Infrastructure Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Appropriate metrics need to be ensured for each level of the results chain. The output indicators measured outcomes or benefits rather than the physical interventions contracted. That impacted the measurement of output performance during implementation.

Project Number: 44240-013
Project Name: Urban Infrastructure Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The DUDES, TCC, and PCC, need to provide additional support for investments in the urban sector to ensure adequate funding to maintain, build capacity and public awareness, and improve access to urban services. The government’s policy calls for Thimphu and Phuentsholing city governments to outsource maintenance rather than to develop in-house capacity.34 This requires the DUDES, TCC, and PCC to enhance skills in project and program management and outsourcing.

Project Number: 38049-013
Project Name: Urban Infrastructure Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
When doing the design and monitoring framework (DMF) exercise, outcomes should describe the immediate and direct benefits of the project. Outcome statements articulate the change the project is expected to achieve—in this case, the management of in-migration. No separate outcome statement or concept was included in the DMF.

Project Number: 38049-013
Project Name: Urban Infrastructure Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Land pooling is an innovative and highly effective approach to meeting the land resource requirements of sustainably managing urban development.

Project Number: 38049-013
Project Name: Urban Infrastructure Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Pioneering activities have plenty of room for multiplier effects.

Project Number: 38049-013
Project Name: Urban Infrastructure Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Use of consulting services to fill the gaps in implementation capacities improves project performance.

Project Number: 38049-013
Project Name: Urban Infrastructure Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Due diligence should be exercised not only in terms of technical factors but institutional, social, financial, and even political factors. While most if not all projects have excellent and even noble intentions and objectives and are extremely relevant to existing problems in the countries they are proposed for, these projects have to be realistic and must be designed considering the inherent problems and issues pertaining to the sector, country, or areas where they will be implemented.

Project Number: 31467-013
Project Name: Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Targeting poor families with grant funds and low-cost technology makes good sense. The low cost sanitation and community awareness and health education (LC-CAHE) component was the most successful part of the project, despite cost overruns and reduced impact compared with the original targets. It combined low-cost infrastructure improvements with vitally needed information to improve awareness and understanding of the need for greater cleanliness and modern sanitation to improve public health. It also involved working with poor communities in a participatory manner to build commitment.

Project Number: 31467-013
Project Name: Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date: