When doing the design and monitoring framework (DMF) exercise, outcomes should describe the immediate and direct benefits of the project. Outcome statements articulate the change the project is expected to achieve—in this case, the management of in-migration. No separate outcome statement or concept was included in the DMF. Monitoring the project impact was expected to be the improvement in well-being, measured by the United Nations Development Programme’s national human development indicators and vulnerability index in urban areas, and an improvement in the achievement of the indicators of the Millennium Development Goals. Nevertheless, it is doubtful if these indicators and indices would provide adequate impact indicators and targets since it is difficult to assess the project’s contribution to their achievement. Hence, a more realistic approach when setting performance indicators should have been endeavored, and ensuring chosen indicators are monitorable and measurable is a lesson inferred from the project.
Urban Infrastructure Development Project