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Lesson
Technical assistance with a narrow focus, immediate policy relevance, and carried out with national champions with financial and/or planning authority was key to the successful integration of climate technologies in country investment plans. Careful and realistic planning is required for the production and dissemination of outputs, since this involves multiple institutions within a given timeframe.

Project Number: No PN
Project Name: Climate Change Fund, 2008–2019
Report Date:
Lesson
Institutional capacity development on climate change in ADB’s DMCs requires long-term engagement. Just over half of CCF resources went toward capacity development. The lack of basic climate data, technical expertise, and qualified local staff in many DMCs means that some processes, especially baseline studies, vulnerability assessments, and cost–benefit analysis of mitigation and adaptation measures, have to be adjusted to reflect realities on the ground.

Project Number: No PN
Project Name: Climate Change Fund, 2008–2019
Report Date:
Lesson
The strategic oversight of funds is enhanced when their governance structure includes some form of third-party engagement. The original Board paper outlined the governance structure of CCF and included at its apex ADB and external financing partners, whose function would be to provide strategic direction to the CCF and to meet ADB for annual consultations and to review progress, administration, and the annual work program. Since there are no external financing partners, ADB sits alone at the apex of the governance structure.

Project Number: No PN
Project Name: Climate Change Fund, 2008–2019
Report Date:
Lesson
Clear delineation of country activities with transparent funding allocations in cross-border RCI TA projects involving several countries helps smooth implementation and increase project success. The transaction costs in cross-border RCI TA projects tend to be high both in terms of resources and the time required to achieve agreement among stakeholders in the participating countries. It takes much longer to negotiate and agree to a common proposal in a cross-border RCI TA project than in a usual TA project.

Project Number: No PN
Project Name: Regional Cooperation and Integration Fund, 2007–2019
Report Date:
Lesson
Active engagement of national stakeholders and ADB resident missions from the outset helps improve ownership and project success. The likelihood of success is greater when an RCIF TA project is designed with genuine consultation with concerned line ministries, national agencies, the private sector (if relevant), and ADB resident missions. Active engagement of in-country stakeholders helps ADB to identify binding constraints and solutions, and to internalize implementation challenges at the TA design stage. This makes clear the roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder.

Project Number: No PN
Project Name: Regional Cooperation and Integration Fund, 2007–2019
Report Date:
Lesson
A project will be more successful if it demonstrates flexibility to meet the needs of stakeholders. In the case of the evaluated project, the decision to delay procurement of an off-the-shelf education sector information system (ESIS) and explore options to build the system resulted in an ESIS that is delivering lasting benefits to Mongolia— above and beyond government and ADB expectations. Although this decision delayed the project and impacted the efficiency of the investment, it contributed to a sound development outcome and a lasting impact.

Project Number: 39254-022
Project Name: Education Sector Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Local knowledge innovations delivered through ADB projects have the potential to be replicated in other ADB investments. Examples of local knowledge innovations from this project that were new for ADB education investments include the translation of seminal English language texts on teacher education into local (Mongolian) language; and the national open source teacher development web portal set up to facilitate sharing of educational materials.

Project Number: 39254-022
Project Name: Education Sector Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB’s contribution to development may be unknown where ADB branding is not publicly visible to stakeholders. ICT equipment, science laboratories, and other physical infrastructure provided under the project were not accompanied by ADB branding (plaques, stickers, etc.). This approach is inconsistent with current practice among development partners and diminishes the visibility of ADB’s positive contributions to development.

Project Number: 39254-022
Project Name: Education Sector Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Where ADB is recognized as the lead development partner in a sector ADB is often well placed to support the partner government with formal development partner coordination in that sector. ADB has been the lead development partner in the Mongolia education sector since 1996, and as such is well placed to support the government to recommence education sector development partner coordination.

Project Number: 39254-022
Project Name: Education Sector Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The collection of baseline data should be given high priority. Efforts could have been exerted to ensure that baseline data were established during appraisal stage. Without measurable baseline values set up at appraisal stage, meaningful indicators should be carefully formulated to allow continuous monitoring for updates throughout project implementation. The project’s independent evaluation was hampered by the absence of these baseline indicators.

Project Number: 35376-033
Project Name: Customs Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A partnership between customs and the private sector should be a major thrust of a customs modernization project. Extra effort must be devoted to ensure proactive engagement with the private sector, particularly with the trading community. This could help ensure buy-in, improve the user-friendliness of the IT system, and facilitate public–private partnership in customs administration.

Project Number: 35376-033
Project Name: Customs Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The fast-changing nature of the IT environment requires that a project’s IT infrastructure (e.g., operating systems, core data processing applications, network, and telecommunications technologies) have enough flexibility in terms of compatibility, connectivity, and modularity to integrate with technology development. Hence, a customs modernization project must be planned so as to take into account the possible obsolescence of IT infrastructure in a shorter time period after a project’s completion than originally envisaged.

Project Number: 35376-033
Project Name: Customs Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A customs modernization project, aimed at reducing corruption, needs a holistic approach that combines technical, policy, and capacity-building elements. In this case, it is an integration of three interrelated components: (i) IT infrastructure, (ii) laws and procedures, and (iii) coordination among concerned agencies. The IT infrastructure is important in reducing direct, face-to-face interactions that provide opportunities for corruption. Customs laws and procedures, in line with international standards, could provide the institutional framework for a modernized business environment.

Project Number: 35376-033
Project Name: Customs Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Regional cooperation for CDC is a long-term prospect. As a first generation GMS project supported by ADB, the CDC1 project left behind a legacy of regional political commitment, trust, and familiarity among counterpart colleagues in Cambodia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, and Viet Nam countries, and knowledge products generated from Regional Coordination Unit (CDC1 and CDC2) -supported studies.

Project Number: 36672-012, 37604-022, 38017-012
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Regional Communicable Diseases Control Project
Report Date:
Lesson
All three countries reported difficulty keeping up with the frequent changes in ADB’s procurement and audit requirements. This was compounded by the executing agencies’ difficulty in retaining qualified national staff for financial management, lack of in-service training from ADB, and limited support from ADB resident missions since the project was managed out of Manila.

Project Number: 36672-012, 37604-022, 38017-012
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Regional Communicable Diseases Control Project
Report Date: